Finals

Question 1

Missouri Compromise

Answer 1

Henry Clay
Missouri admitted as slave
Maine admitted as free
A slavery/freedom boundary line was drawn through the Louisiana Purchase along the 36’30’ line (Missouri’s southern border)
First effort for congressional

Question 2

Andrew Jackson

Answer 2

“Old Hickory” 7th president, born after fathers death - Was a POW with his brother -After losing Robert to smallpox, Jackson returned home only to find out his mother was dying from a disease she had contracted while working at a British POW camp. These events left him with an intense hatred of all things British. He was all of 14 years old.

Question 3

Demagoguery

Answer 3

A person, esp. An orator or political leader, who gains power and popularity by arousing the emotions, passions, and prejudices of the people

Question 4

JQ Adams

Answer 4

Strengthened the American System
Internal Improvements, particularly canals
Tariff of 1828 or the Tariff of Abominations
Championed freedom of speech, particularly during his later terms in the House
Becomes the leading opponent of the “Slave Powers”

Question 5

The Election of 1828

Answer 5

The 1828 rematch between Jackson and Adams was unusually acrimonious, with Jackson being accused of everything from bigamy to cannibalism. Jackson, aided by the political brilliance of New York’s Martin Van Buren, attacked Adams as being corrupt and aristocratic.

Question 6

The Indian Removal Act of 1830

Answer 6

Enacted to prevent conflict – and to seize native lands – the Act authorized the removal of the eastern tribes to Oklahoma. It was a key plank of Jackson’s presidential campaign.

Question 7

Worcester v. Georgia

Answer 7

Does the state of Georgia have the authority to regulate the intercourse between citizens of its state and members of the Cherokee Nation?
No. treaties and laws of the United States contemplate the Indian territory as completely separated from that of the states

Question 8

The Trial of Tears

Answer 8

Throughout 1839, federal soldiers and state militia rounded up 16,000 Cherokees from Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, and North Carolina, taking them to stockades, and forcing them to get on boats and then march to Indian territory, present-day Oklahoma. At least 4,000 Cherokees died along the way.

Question 9

King Andrew and the Birth of Whigs

Answer 9

Increasingly frustrated over their inability to stop Jackson, his opponents formed a new political party, the Whigs, named after the anti-monarchical party of the same name in Great Britain. The Whigs were concerned with promoting internal improvements, such as roads, canals, railroads, deepening of rivers, etc.

Question 10

South Carolina Exposition and Protest

Answer 10

The document was a protest against the Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abominations. It stated also Calhoun’s Doctrine of nullification, i.e., the idea that a state has the right to reject federal law, first introduced by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in their Kentucky and Virginia resolutions

Question 11

Peggy Eaton and the Petticoat Affair

Answer 11

Rumors of an extramarital affair caused other cabinet wives to shun her. The resulting scandal, the “Petticoat Affair,” brought about the resignation of Jackson’s entire cabinet and changed the direction of the political careers of two powerful men: John C. Calhoun and Martin Van Buren.

Question 12

Nicholas Biddle and the Bank

Answer 12

An early Washington insider, Biddle was the President of the National Bank. Against advice, he sought to make the 1832 campaign a referendum about the bank, spending thousands of dollars to defeat Jackson.
Election become the referendum for the National Bank

Question 13

The Death of the Bank (The Pet Banks)

Answer 13

Having won, Jackson now set his sights on destroying the 2nd Bank of the US. Unwilling to wait for its charter to expire, he killed it by simply removing federal monies and redistributing it to state-chartered ‘pet banks’.
Yanking money from the central bank to the state banks, thus destroying national economy

Question 14

The Panic of 1837

Answer 14

Related to the destruction of the National Bank
Economy goes into a recession

Question 15

Martin Van Buren

Answer 15

served as Jackson’s Secretary of State and Vice-President. He also understood party politics. In short, he was good at forming backroom alliances and turning out the vote when needed.
The 1828 rematch between Jackson and Adams was unusually acrimonious, with Jackson being accused of everything from bigamy to cannibalism. Jackson, aided by the political brilliance of New York’s Martin Van Buren, attacked Adams as being corrupt and aristocratic.

Question 16

King Cotton

Answer 16

The industry’s boom of the need of cotton and creation of cotton presses thus creating slavery to be more prominent than ever for cash crops

Question 17

John Tyler

Answer 17

Taking office after Harrison’s death, Tyler then vetoed several of his party’s bills, resulting in him being kicked out of the Whigs, Tyler earned the nickname, “The Man without a Party.” As a result, he was basically a political free agent.
Technically a Whig but disowned by his own party for not aligning with their rules

Question 18

The Texas Question

Answer 18

“Mexico is to us the forbidden fruit; the penalty of eating it would be to subject our institutions to political death.” -John C. Calhoun (1845)

Question 19

James K. Polk and the Election of 1844

Answer 19

A Jacksonian Democrat, Polk was born on the Carolina frontier before making a name for himself in Tennessee politics. Eventually serving as the Speaker of the House of Representatives, he earned the nickname of the ‘Young Hickory’ for his support of his mentor, Andrew Jackson. Polk’s main platform was territorial expansion, namely the annexation of Texas.
Did not want to run for reelection

Question 20

Manifest Destiny

Answer 20

the idea that the United States is destined—by God, its advocates believed—to expand its dominion and spread democracy and capitalism across the entire North American continent.

Question 21

The Mexican American War

Answer 21

helped to fulfill America’s “manifest destiny” to expand its territory across the entire North American continent.
1846-48
Between Mexico for land

Question 22

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Answer 22

In return for $15 million and the payment of some outstanding damage claims, the treaty added over 525,000 square miles to the United States, including land that makes up all or parts of ten present-day states. Mexico also gave up all claims to Texas and recognized the Rio Grande as America’s southern boundary. In total, this represented 55% of all pre-war Mexican territory.

Question 23

The Wilmot Proviso

Answer 23

The issue of slavery became a problem even before the war ended when a little known congressman by the name of David Wilmot tagged a rider to an appropriations bill. His proviso, which didn’t pass, proposed that ‘neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory’

Question 24

The Last Great Compromise?: Henry Clay and the Compromise of 1850

Answer 24

Now 70 years old, Clay tried to craft a compromise. For eight months members of Congress, led by Clay, Daniel Webster, and John C. Calhoun, debated the issue to no avail.
The acts called for the admission of California as a “free state,” provided for a territorial government for Utah and New Mexico, established a boundary between Texas and the United States, called for the abolition of slave trade in Washington, DC, and amended the Fugitive Slave Act.

Question 25

The Fugitive Slave Act

Answer 25

-It was the duty of Federal officials to assist in the apprehension of runways;
-No more jury trials, but all the accused must appear before “special commissioners”;
-The commissioners would receive $5 for deeming the accused a freeman; $10 if a runaway

Question 26

Personal Liberty Laws

Answer 26

An Act: To prevent kidnapping, preserve the public peace, prohibit the exercise of certain powers heretofore exercised by Judges, Justices of the Peace, Alderman, and Jailors in this Commonwealth and to repeal certain slave laws.

Question 27

The Trials and Tribulations of Anthony Burns

Answer 27

Born into slavery in Stafford County, Virginia, Anthony Burns escaped his master, Charles F. Suttle, by boarding a ship to Boston in March 1854. Two months later, while working as a free man in Boston, Burns was arrested under the provisions of the newly strengthened federal Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.
Local abolitionists rallied to his defense, and on May 26, a crowd of blacks and whites stormed the courthouse where Burns was being held, killing a deputy. Burns was then returned to Virginia. The image of federal marshals escorting a fugitive slave to a ship in Boston Harbor radicalized many northerners.
It has been estimated that Burns’ trial and removal cost the federal government $100,000. The protests cost the city of Boston an additional $15,000.
Burns supporters subsequently succeeded in buying his freedom. He returned to Boston, later attended Oberlin College, moved to Canada, and worked as a non ordained Baptist minister until his death from tuberculosis at the age of twenty-eight.

Question 28

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Answer 28

Big piece of propganda for the mistreatment of slaves and created a spark amongst by Harriet Beecher Stowe

Question 29

Kansas-Nebraska Crisis

Answer 29

Hoping to gain southern support for the Tran-Continental Railroad, Stephen Douglas introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act , instituting the doctrine of Popular Sovereignty in those territories. Basically, the Act repealed the Missouri Compromise.

Question 30

“Bleeding Kansas”

Answer 30

As settlers moved in, the situation steadily deteriorated, until civilized society broke down. By the end of the war, the federal government literally resorted to declaring free fire zones to control the population

Question 31

The Know-Nothings (1854-56)

Answer 31

Commonly known as the Know Nothing movement, the American Party was a nativist political party that operated nationally in the mid-1850s. It was primarily anti-Catholic, xenophobic, and hostile to immigration, starting originally as a secret society.

Question 32

The Caning of Charles Sumner

Answer 32

A nasty fellow, Sumner attacked the reputations of several of his colleagues over their support of pro-slavery legislation, leading Stephan Douglas to note “this damn fool is going to get himself shot by some other damn fool” (Sumner had called him, “noise-some, squat, and nameless animal … not a proper model for an American senator”). Sumner’s attacks on S.C.’s Andrew Butler were particularly nasty given that his target had recently had a stroke.
Preston Brooks, a fellow Congressman and Butler’s cousin, took matters into his own hands and gave Sumner a beating to remember (he was going to challenge him to a duel, but felt what Sumner was beneath him). In addition to nearly killing Sumner, the attack became a major milestone in the march to war
Arrested for the assault, Brooks was convicted and fined $300, but received no prison sentence. He later resigned from the House only to be re-elected in 1856. Sumner, who didn’t return to the Senate for several years, suffered from nightmares and headaches for the rest of life. He later became an important player during the Reconstruction Era.

Question 33

Dred Scott

Answer 33

Born in Southampton County, VA – the home of Nat Turner – Dred Scott sued for his freedom after the death of his former owner, an Army surgeon who had taken Scott all over the country. Eventually his case worked its way to the Supreme Court, headed by Chief Justice Roger Taney. Taney, together with 6 other justices, saw the case as a way of expressing their concern over growing ‘northern aggression’ against the South.

Question 34

The Freeport Doctrine

Answer 34

Douglas said a territory could prevent slavery by failing to pass favorable legislation. In other words the territorial legislature could make it difficult for slave owners to re-capture escaped slaves.`

Question 35

John Brown and Harper’s Ferry

Answer 35

When the abolitionist John Brown seized the largest Federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in October of 1859, he forced the citizens of the United States to reconsider the immorality of the institution of slavery and the injustices enforced by the government.
On the morning of October 19, the soldiers overran Brown and his followers. Ten of his men were killed, including two of his sons. The wounded Brown was tried by the state of Virginia for treason and murder, and he was found guilty on November 2. The 59-year-old abolitionist went to the gallows on December 2, 1859.

Question 36

The Election of 1860

Answer 36

Lincoln won the election, and had more electoral votes and more popular votes than any candidate. Since the race had four main candidates, it allowed Lincoln to get more electoral votes than he would otherwise.

Question 37

Forming a Strategy: the Anaconda Plan

Answer 37

Conceived by Gen. Winfield Scott, the plan was to first weaken the South by blockading its ports. That done, the next phase was to seize control of the Mississippi, cutting the South in half. Thus weakened, the Confederacy would then be open to a two prong invasion – one down the Tennessee Valley and the other to Richmond.

Question 38

Antietam: September 17, 1862

Answer 38

Still the bloodiest day in American military history, the Union victory at Antietam – as flawed as it was – gave Lincoln the opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation from a position of strength, without having it look like a desperate act of a desperate man.

Question 39

The Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 39

Having long thought about emancipation, Lincoln used the “victory” at Antietam to release the Proclamation, forever changing the face of the War. Now, instead of being a war over secession, it was a battle for freedom.

Question 40

Howard University and The Freedman’s Bureau

Answer 40

Founded in 1867, Howard was named after O.O. Howard, who also served as its president
A political hot potato from its very beginning, the Freedman’s Bureau suffered from inadequate funding throughout its tenure.

Question 41

Restoration

Answer 41

Resisting congressional pressure, Lincoln offered “full pardon with restoration of all rights of property, except as to slaves” to all rebels who pledged to obey acts of congress relating to slavery (this was to prevent any attempts at reenslaving freedmen). Once accepted by 10% of the 1860 electorate, the southern states would then revert to home rule. With respect to his predecessor, Johnson largely adhered to the same plan

Question 42

Restoration becomes Reconstruction

Answer 42

Military districting and troop deployments
13th, 14th, and 15th amendments are passed

Question 43

Andrew Johnson

Answer 43

The only Southern senator to remain loyal to the Union during the War, Johnson was distributed by both North and South alike. Add to this a personality that was totally unsuited to the job at hand, his presidency never really stood a chance, especially in the aftermath of Lincoln’s assassination

Question 44

13th amendment

Answer 44

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Question 45

14th amendment

Answer 45

No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Question 46

15th amendment

Answer 46

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude

Question 47

Voter Registration: The Iron Clad Oath

Answer 47

With most southern whites effectively disenfranchised, registrars turned to the freedmen, enrolling them by the 1000s. Registrars were also paid by the head, making voter registration financially attractive. Some took advantage of this, leading to cries of corruption.

Question 48

Nathan Bedford Forrest

Answer 48

Long before he became the ‘wizard of the saddle’ – and an original klansman – Forrest was a slave trader.
“That devil Forrest”
Having personally killed 31 men, and having had 30 horses shot out from under him, Forrest remarked at the end of the war, “I was a horse ahead.”

Question 49

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 49

Nathan Bedfor Forrest
Originally formed as a benevolent society by a group of Confederate Army veterans in Pulaski, Tennessee, the Klan quickly became a political movement aimed at resisting Reconstruction.

Question 50

Sharecropping

Answer 50

Sharecropping is a system where the landlord/planter allows a tenant to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop. This encouraged tenants to work to produce the biggest harvest that they could, and ensured they would remain tied to the land and unlikely to leave for other opportunities.

Question 51

The Compromise of 1877

Answer 51

The Compromise of 1877
In return for throwing the election:
Republicans would return control of federal patronage to the South
The South would receive generous federal aid for internal improvements
Federal assistance for rebuilding the southern rail network
The appointment of at least one southerner to Haye’s Cabinet
The removal of federal troops from the South