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Bio > Finals > Flashcards

Finals Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the activation energy in a rxn with an enzyme?

A

Lowers the amount required

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2
Q

Cohesion definition

A

Water molecules stick together

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3
Q

pH scale, which end is basic, acidic, and neutral

A

Less then 7 basic 7 neutral greater then 7 acidic

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4
Q

Type of bond between H and O in a water molecule

A

Hydrogen bond

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5
Q

Atomic # represents what subatomic particle?

A

Protons

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6
Q

Enzymes: are they used up during a chemical rxn or are they recycled

A

They can be reused over and over

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7
Q

What happens to the shape of the enzyme usually in the presence of heat?

A

It denatures

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8
Q

Four most common elements in all living organisms

A

Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen

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9
Q

In what form are carbs stored in plants and animals?

A

Starch

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10
Q

What is the cell theory?

A
  1. All living things are composed of cells.
  2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
  3. New cells are produced from existing cells.
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11
Q

What makes the 20 amino acids different from each other?

A

The R-group

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12
Q

Major type of lipid that makes up cell membrane

A

Phospholipids

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13
Q

Name examples of polysaccharides

A

Glycogen, cellulose, and starch

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14
Q

Function of enzymes in a cell

A

Speed reactions up, build things up or break things down

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15
Q

Organic means the molecule contains what element?

A

Carbon

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16
Q

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from

A

High conc. to low conc.

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17
Q

Why are plants green?

A

Chlorophyll

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18
Q

Reactants for photosynthesis

A

6H2O 6CO2

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19
Q

Union of egg and sperm vocab word

A

Zygote

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20
Q

Mendel did most of his work on what organism?

A

Pea plant

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21
Q

The proteins made from the DNA is dependent on the order of

A

Codons

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22
Q

Which type of RNA carries the DNA code to the ribosomes

A

Messenger RNA

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23
Q

Source of all new alleles in a population is

A

Mutation

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24
Q

Evolution occurs in

A

Populations

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25
Q

Name of Darwins book

A

Origin of species

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26
Q

Did prokaryotes evolved before eukaryotes

A

True

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27
Q

Inferences are never used in science

A

False

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28
Q

Bacteria play a huge role in the environment as

A

Decomposers

29
Q

Sugars, starches, cellulose all belong to what macromolecule?

A

Carbohydrates

30
Q

How many ATP are released during CR

A

32

31
Q

Cocci bacteria shape

A

Round

32
Q

Pathogen definition

A

A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease

33
Q

How does a refrigerator affect bacteria

A

Stops it from growing

34
Q

Person credited with X-Ray of DNA

A

Rosalind Franklin

35
Q

What is phenotype

A

Observable traits or characteristics of an organism

36
Q

Genes control the synthesis of what type of macromolecule?

A

Proteins

37
Q

Temporal isolation definition

A

Don’t breed together because breed different seasons or time of day

38
Q

Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration

A

Mitochondria

39
Q

Job of mRNA

A

Carrier of genetic message

40
Q

Homozygous definition

A

Having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary character

41
Q

What is nondisjunction

A

When homologous chromosomes fail to separate

42
Q

Cleavage definition

A

The act of splitting

43
Q

Mom or dad determines sex of child

A

Dad

44
Q

Which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on the middle of the cell

A

Metaphase

45
Q

What organelles make plant and animal cells different

A

Cell wall, chlorophyll, vacuole

46
Q

Body cells are haploid or diploid? Sex cells are haploid or diploid?

A

Body cells diploid, sex cells haploid

47
Q

Homologous chromosomes definition

A

A pair of chromosomes that contain the same gene sequence each derived from one parent

48
Q

Which type of cellular respiration produces the most ATP

A

Aerobic

49
Q

What cell transport process moves molecules against the concentration gradient?

A

Active transport

50
Q

Function of chloroplasts

A

Absorbs light to make energy

51
Q

Which organelle does photosynthesis take place? Cellular respiration?

A

Photosynthesis- chloroplast

Cellular respiration-mitochondria

52
Q

Products of cellular respiration

A

Carbon dioxide, water, ATP

53
Q

Meiosis makes how many cells? Diploid or haploid?

A

4 haploid cells

54
Q

What are the sex chromosomes for males and females

A

X female and Y male

55
Q

When is DNA copied in the cell cycle?

A

S

56
Q

Type of molecule responsible for transport through the cell membrane

A

Proteins

57
Q

Which bases in DNA pair up together

A

AT and CG

58
Q

Cell wall, composed of and does what

A

Cellulose; protects and shapes the plant

59
Q

Lysosomes role?

A

Digest food, waste particles, and foreign pathogens

60
Q

What is transgenic animal?

A

Genetically engineered animal or offspring of genetically engineered animal

61
Q

Even though only one sperm fertilizes egg, why are millions released?

A

To increase the chances of having an offspring

62
Q

What type of bonds hold the bases together in the DNA structure?

A

Hydrogen bonds

63
Q

A courtship ritual for mating is considered what type of barrier and is it pre-zygotic or pro-zygotic

A

Behavioral isolation pre-zygotic

64
Q

Genetic drift that reduces the population usually due to a natural disaster is known as?

A

Bottleneck effect

65
Q

DNA polymerase function

A

Matching complementary bases in nucleotides during DNA replication

66
Q

What source is the carbon plants use for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide

67
Q

Stages of cellular respiration in correct order

A

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle

68
Q

How does carbon dioxide and oxygen enter and leave plants?

A

Photosynthesis

Bio (1 decks)

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