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med term > finals ch 7-12 > Flashcards

finals ch 7-12 Flashcards

1
Q

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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2
Q

tube-like structures that carry blood throughout the body, including arteries, veins, and capillaries

A

blood vessels

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3
Q

microscopic blood vessels; materials are passed between blood and tissues through capillary walls

A

capillaries

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4
Q

clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended, approximately 90% water and comprises approximately 55% total blood volume

A

plasma

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5
Q

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

A

veins

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6
Q

death of a portion of the myocardium caused by an interrupted blood supply

A

myocardial infarction MI (heart attack)

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7
Q

condition demonstrated by distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremeties

A

varicose veins

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8
Q

procedure used to puncture a vein with a needle to remove blood instill a medication, or start an intravenous infusion

A

venipuncture

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9
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

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10
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

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11
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

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12
Q

CBC

A

complete blood count

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13
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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14
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiogram

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15
Q

ECG/EKG

A

electrocardiogram

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16
Q

HF

A

heart failure

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17
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

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18
Q

IV

A

intravenous

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19
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

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20
Q

sphincter muscle

A

anus

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21
Q

small, worm-like pouch attached to the cecum (beginning of the large intestine)

A

appendix

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22
Q

major component of the large intestine, which is divided into four parts; ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon

A

colon

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23
Q

tube that transports food from the pharynx to the stomach

A

esophagus

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24
Q

small, sac-like structure that stores bile produced by the liver

A

gallbladder

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25
Q

approximately 5-foot canal extending from the ilium to the anus that includes the cecum, colon, and rectum

A

large intestine

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26
Q

organ that produces bile for the digestion of fats; performs many other functions that support digestion and metabolism

A

liver

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27
Q

organ that secretes multiple enzymes necessary or digestion

A

pancreas

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28
Q

S-shaped section of the large intestine leading into the rectum

A

sigmoid colon

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29
Q

The 3 functions of the digestive system (IAE)

A
  • ingests and breaks down food
  • absorbs nutrients
  • eliminates waste
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30
Q

BE

A

barium enema

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31
Q

EGD

A

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

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32
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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33
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

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34
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome

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35
Q

UC

A

ulcerative colitis

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36
Q

UGI series

A

upper GI series

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37
Q

middle layer of the eye containing blood vessels

A

choroid

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38
Q

transparent anterior part of the sclera that lies over the iris and pupil

A

cornea

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39
Q

pigmented muscular structure that regulates the amount of light entering the eye by controlling the size of the pupil

A

iris

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40
Q

lies directly behind the pupil; focuses and bends light

A

lens

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41
Q

carries visual images from the retina to the brain

A

optic nerve

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42
Q

opening through which light passes in the center of the iris

A

pupil

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43
Q

innermost layer of the eye; contains the vision receptors

A

retina

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44
Q

outer perspective layer of the eye (white of the eye)

A

sclera

45
Q

external, visible part of the ear located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves to the external auditory canal

A

auricle (pinna)

46
Q

coiled portion of the inner ear that contains the organ for hearing

A

cochlea

47
Q

passage between the middle ear and the pharynx, equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

A

eustachian tube

48
Q

short tube ending at the tympanic membrane

A

external auditory canal (meatus)

49
Q

consists of the auricle and external auditory canal (meatus)

A

external ear

50
Q

bony spaces within the temporal bone of the skull that contain the cochlea, the semicircular canals, and vestibule. The cochlea facilitates hearing. The semicircular canals and vestibule facilitates the equilibrium and balance

A

inner ear

51
Q

consists of the tympanic membrane, eustachian tube, and ossicles

A

middle ear

52
Q

bones of the middle ear (stapes, incus, and malleus) that carry sound vibrations

A

ossicles

53
Q

semitransparent membrane that separates the external auditory canal and the middle ear cavity; transmits sound vibrations to ossicles

A

tympanic membrane

54
Q

The 2 functions of the ear

A
  • hearing

- sense of balance

55
Q

ARMB

A

age-related macular degeneration

56
Q

AST

A

astigmatism

57
Q

ENT

A

ear, nose, and throat; otolaryngologist

58
Q

IOP

A

intraocular pressure

59
Q

OM

A

otitis media

60
Q

Ophth

A

ophthalmology

61
Q

The 4 functions of the musculoskeletalsystem (PPSP)

A
  • provides body framework, support, and movement
  • protects internal organs
  • stores calcium
  • produces blood cells
62
Q

common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist caused by compression of the median nerve. symptoms include pain, tingling, and numbness in portions of the hand and fingers

A

carpal tunnel syndrome CTS

63
Q

broken bone

A

fracture Fx

64
Q

disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals to be deposited in the joints, especially that of the great toe, producing arthritis

A

gout

65
Q

rupture of the intervertebral disk cartilage, which allows the contents to protrude through it, putting pressure on the spinal nerve roots

A

herniated disk

66
Q

diagnostic imaging test producing scans that give information about the body’s anatomy by placing the patient in a strong magnetic field

A

magnetic resonance imaging MRI

67
Q

group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness

A

muscular dystrophy MD

68
Q

disease caused by abnormal loss of bone density occurring predominantly in postmenopausal women, which can lead to an increase of fractures

A

osteoporosis

69
Q

chronic systemic disease characterized by autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout body

A

rheumatoid arthritis RA

70
Q

CTS

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

71
Q

EMG

A

electromyogram

72
Q

MD

A

muscular dystrophy

73
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

74
Q

NM

A

nuclear medicine

75
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis

76
Q

ortho

A

orthopedics

77
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

78
Q

brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system CNS

79
Q

located under the posterior portion of the cerebrum; assists in the coordination of skeletal muscles to maintain balance

A

cerebellum

80
Q

clear, colorless fluid contained in ventricles; cushions brain and spinal cord from shock, transports nutrients, and clears metabolic waste

A

cerebrospinal fluid CSF

81
Q

largest portion of the brain; divided into left and right hemispheres

A

cerebrum

82
Q

three layers of membrane that cover the brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

83
Q

cordlike structure made up of fibers that carries impulses from one part of the body to another

A

nerve

84
Q

system of nerves extending from the brain and spinal cord

A

peripheral nervous system PNS

85
Q

spaces within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid

A

ventricles

86
Q

The 3 functions of the nervous system (CCM)

A
  • control and integration of body functions
  • communication
  • mental activity, thought, and memory
87
Q

AD

A

Alzheimer disease

88
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

89
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

90
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident

91
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalogram

92
Q

LP

A

lumbar puncture

93
Q

MS

A

multiple sclerosis

94
Q

PD

A

Parkinson disease

95
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system

96
Q

SAH

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

97
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

98
Q

gland located above the kidney that secretes various hormones, including adrenaline

A

adrenal gland

99
Q

chemical substance secreted by an endocrine gland that is carried by the blood to a target tissue

A

hormone

100
Q

clusters of endocrine tissue found throughout the pancreas, made up of different cell types that secrete various hormones, including insulin

A

islets of Langerhans

101
Q

sum total of all the chemical processes that take place in a living organism

A

metabolism

102
Q

long organ that lies transversely across the upper abdomen that has a role in digestion as well as hormone secretion

A

pancreas

103
Q

pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain; produces hormones that stimulate the function of other endocrine glands

A

pituitary gland

104
Q

lymphatic organ located behind the sternum; plays an important role in the development of the body’s immune system, particularly from infancy to puberty

A

thymus

105
Q

butterfly-shaped gland located anteriorly in the neck and inferior to the larynx; secretes hormones that regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates. proteins, and fats needed for growth, development, and basal metabolic rate

A

thyroid gland

106
Q

A1c

A

glycated hemoglobin

107
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

108
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

med term (2 decks)

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