First Aid Neurology

Question 1

Notochord

Answer 1

Mesoderm that induces the overlying ectoderm to become the neuroectoderm and become the neural plate.
Notochord becomes the nucleus pulposus.
Days 18-21

Question 2

Neural Plate

Answer 2

Gives rise to neural tube and neural crest9 18-21 days.

Question 3

Neural Tube

Answer 3

bows up and closes to become the spinal cord

Question 4

Neural Crest

Answer 4

- (Epithelial to mesenchymal trasitions for certain cell types)
Melanocytes
-DRG
-Craiofacial abnormalities
-smooth muscle
enteric nervous system
glia

Question 5

Neurochristopathies

Answer 5

Piedbaldism - white forlock and melanocyte problems

• Waardenburg : pax3 mutation with deafness and hypopigmentation
• Hirschprung Disease: Nerve plexus in colon
• Congenital Central Hypoventilation syndrome: Respiratory arrest during sleep because of failure of autonomic control
• Neurofibromatosis Type1 : RAS pathway, Cafe-au-lait, Neurofibroma, Freckling inaxi llary/inguinal region, optic glioma, Lisch Nodules (pigmented iris), scoliosis and pseudoarthritis Chrom 17
• CHARGE Syndrome: Coloboma, nasal atresia, urinary and genital abnormalitites, deafness. (Leading cause of congenital deafblindness)
• Outflow tracks of heart defects.
• DiGeorge: CATCH. Cardiac Abnormality, abnomal facies, thymic aplasia, cleft palate, hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism.

Question 6

DiGeorge

Answer 6

CATCH
Cardiac Abnormality (Tetrology of Fallot)
Abnormal Facies
Thymic Aplasia
Cleft Palate
Hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism

Question 7

Neurofibromatosis

Answer 7

Neuroibroma
axillary freckling
lisch nodules (on eyes)
cafe-au-lait spots
Scoliosis and musculoskeletal problems

Question 8

CHARGE

Answer 8

• Leading Cause of congenital deaf/blindness

- Cobaloma, nasal atresia, urinary and genital atresia

Question 9

Waardenburg

Answer 9

• Pax mutation

- Melanocyte and pigmentation reduction with deafness