First Half of Course

Question 1

Nodes

Answer 1

Indicate a common ancestor

Question 2

Homology

Answer 2

When a trait is similar because of a common origin

Question 3

Convergent Evolution

Answer 3

When a trait develops independently in multiple populations

Question 4

Surface area: volume ratio ___________ as size increases

Answer 4

decreases

Question 5

Why does surface area: volume ratio matter?

Answer 5

to maintain metabolism, the cells and body must be able to transport molecules quickly, but ((()))

Question 6

Origin of Earth

Answer 6

4.5 BYA

Question 7

Origin of prokaryotes

Answer 7

3.5 BYA

Question 8

Origin of unicellular eukaryotes

Answer 8

2.1 BYA

Question 9

Origin of multi-cellular eukaryotes

Answer 9

1.5 BYA

Question 10

Isogamy

Answer 10

Both gametes have similar morphology/ size

Question 11

Anisogamy

Answer 11

Gametes have different morphology/ size
(eg. sperm & eggs)

Question 12

Sexual vs. asexual reproduction

Answer 12

Sexual- two haplontic cells join- genetic variation
Asexual- exact copy of parent- no genetic variation

Question 13

Diplontic vs Haplontic

Answer 13

Diploid cells have two copies of each chromosome
Haploid cells have one chromosome

Question 14

Alternation of generations

Answer 14

Sporophyte and gametophyte generations

Question 15

How do plants obtain nutrients?

Answer 15

Photoautotroph
-carries out photosynthesis

Question 16

How do animals obtain nutrients?

Answer 16

Chemoheterotroph (with ingestion)

Question 17

How does fungus obtain nutrients?

Answer 17

Chemoheterotroph (with absorption)

Question 18

Difference between primary and secondary endosymbiosis

Question 19

Embryophytes

Answer 19

land plants

Question 20

Embryophytes are characterized by _________ of __________ with a _________ sporophyte and a ________ gametophyte

Answer 20

alternation of generations
diploid
haploid

Question 21

Benefits and challenges to life on land for plants

Question 22

Xylem

Answer 22

transports water

Question 23

Phloem

Answer 23

transports nutrients (sugars and proteins)

Question 24

___________ __________ allows plants to grow much taller than they would otherwise

Answer 24

Vascular tissue

Question 25

What are the evolutionary advantages of the seed/ pollen system for life on land?

Answer 25

Pollen can be dispersed over wide areas using the wind, increasing possibility of it landing on another plant and fertilizing.
Seeds allow the plant to choose when to germinate, so it can begin growing in optimal conditions and increasing its chances of survival

Question 26

What is the function of a plant root and shoot?

Question 27

Advantages and disadvantages of animal pollination vs. wind pollination