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Neuroanatomy > First Midterm > Flashcards

First Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Forth Ventricle Roof

A

Cerebellum

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2
Q

Forth Ventricle Floor

A

Pons

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3
Q

Forth Ventricle Communicates with Third Via

A

Cerebral Aqueduct

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4
Q

Third Ventricle Walls?

A

Thalamus and Hypothalamus

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5
Q

Blood Drains from the Brain Via

A

Internal Jugular Vein

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6
Q

Broca’s Aphasia

A

Issues with Production

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7
Q

Subparts of Broca’s Area

A

Pars Triangularis, Pars Operculus

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8
Q

Neglect results from lesions where?

A

Parietal Lobe

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9
Q

Orientation changes at…

A

Midbrain-Diencephalic Junction

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10
Q

Vestibulocochlear

A

Hearing and Balance #8

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11
Q

Meningeal Layers

A

Dura, Arachnoid, Pia

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12
Q

Blood Supply in Epidural Space

A

Middle Meningeal Artery

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13
Q

Blood Supply in Subdural Space

A

Bridging Veins

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14
Q

Blood Supply in Pia

A

Fuses with Blood Vessels

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15
Q

What is in Subarachnoid Space?

A

CSF

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16
Q

CNS Excitatory Neurotransmitter

A

Glutamate

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17
Q

Main Divisions of Occipital Lobe

A

Cuneus, Calcarine Fissure, Lingula

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18
Q

Main Divisions of Parietal Lobe

A

Post Central Gyrus, Superior Parietal Lobule, Interparietal Sulcus, Inferior Parietal Lobule, Precuneus, Supramarginal Gyrus (end of Sylvian), Angular Gyrus (End of STS)

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19
Q

Lenticulostriate Arteries

A

Arise from Middle Cerebral Arteries, Supply Basal Ganglia, Prone to Narrowing/ Rupture

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20
Q

Arteries prone to rupture

A

Lenticulostriate Arteries

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21
Q

Posterior Cerebral Artery Supplies

A

Inferior/Medial Temporal Lobes, Medial Occipital Cortex

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22
Q

CNS Inhibitory Neurotransmitter

A

GABA

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23
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PARTS)

A

Crainial Nerves, Spinal Nerves, Autonomous Nervous System, Enteric Nervous System

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24
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Decreased Heart Rate, Peristalsis, Small Pupils, Acetyl-Choline

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25
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Fight or Flight, Increased HR and BP, Bronchodilation, Increased Pupil Size, Norepinephrine

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26
Q

Prosencephalon

A

Telencephalon (Cerebral Cortex, Cerebral Hemispheres, Subcortical White Matter, Basal Ganglia) Diencephalon (Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus)

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27
Q

Functions of Chemical Neurotransmitters

A

Rapid Cell Signalling (EPSP, IPSP), Neuromodulation (up/down regulation, neuronal growth)

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28
Q

Brain Stem

A

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla

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29
Q

Rhombencephalon

A

Mesencephalon (Cerebellum, Pons), Myelencephalon (medulla)

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30
Q

Main Divisions of Frontal Lobe

A

Precentral Gyrus, Precentral Sulcus, Superior Frontal Gyrus, Superior Frontal Sucus, Middle Frontal Gyrus, Inferior Frontal Suclus, Inferior Frontal Gyrus, Pars Triangularis, Pars Operculis

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31
Q

Olfactory Nerve

A

1, smell

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32
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain - Cerebral Peduncles, Midbrain Tectum, Midbrain Tegmentum

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33
Q

Neurotransmitters for ANS

A

Acetyl-Choline (Neuromuscular Junctions), Norepinephrine (Sympathetic Nervous System)

34
Q

Anterolateral Pathway

A

-Pain, temperature, crude touch. Enters Dorsal Root Ganglion, Synapses on Secondary Sensory Cells, Travels Contralaterally up spinal cord until it synapses with the thalamus, then on to S1. Creates spinalthalamic tract

35
Q

Posterior Column Pathway

A

Proprioception, Fine Touch, Vibration. Enters dorsal roots, travels ipsilaterally up the white matter tract. Crosses over at the medulla, where it synapses with the thalamus on the contralateral side.

36
Q

Middle Cerebral Artery Supplies..

A

Supplies the dorsal lateral portion of the brain (surrounding the sylvian fissure)

37
Q

Anterior Cerebral Artery Supplies…

A

Anterior Medial Portion of Cortex (Frontal Lobe and up to Parietal Lobe – including medial somatosensory cortex)

38
Q

Major Divisions of the Temporal Lobe

A

Heschl’s Gyrus, Superior Temporal Gyrus, Superior Temporal Sulcus, Middle Temporal Gyrus, Middle Temporal Sulcus, Inferior Temporal Gyrus

39
Q

What layer does CSF flow in?

A

Arachnoid (Subarachnoid to be more specific)

40
Q

What separates the cerebellum from the occipital lobe?

A

Tentorium Cerebelli

41
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli made of?

A

Dura

42
Q

Lesions to the cerebellum cause

A

Ataxia – issues with balance/ coordination

43
Q

What is ataxia?

A

Problems with coordination / balance due to cerebellar lesions

44
Q

Optic Nerve

A

2 - Vision

45
Q

What is the major motor pathway?

A

Corticospinal tract. Crosses over at the pyramidal decussation (between medulla and spinal cord)

46
Q

Where does the motor pathway cross over?

A

Pyramidal Decussation

47
Q

OOOTTAFVGVAH

A

Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Spinal Accessory, Hypoglossal

48
Q

Facial Nerve

A

7, Facial Expressions

49
Q

What are other words for horizontal plane?

A

Axial, Transverse – remember HAT

50
Q

Cell Parts

A

Cellbody (Nucleus), Dendrites (Apical, Basal, Receive Signals), Axon (Send Signals)

51
Q

Nerves Controlling Legs

A

Lumbosacral Plexus, Lumbosacral Enlargement

52
Q

Nerves Controlling Arms

A

Brachial plexus, Cervical Enlargement

53
Q

Gray Matter Makes up

A

Basal Ganglia, Cerebral Cortex, Thalamus, Cranial Nerve Nuclei

54
Q

Posterior Blood Supply

A

Aorta, Subclavian Artery, Paired Vertebral Arteries, Basilar Artery

55
Q

Trigeminal Nerve

A

5, Jaw Movements

56
Q

Trochlear Nerve

A

4, Eyemovements, Inward and Downward

57
Q

Where is CSF made?

A

Choroid Plexus

58
Q

Main Cerebral Arteries

A

Anterior Cerebral Artery, Middle Cerebral Artery, Posterior Cerebral Artery

59
Q

Hypoglossal Nerve

A

12, Tongue Movements

60
Q

Spinal Accessory Nerve

A

11, Head movements, shoulder shrugging

61
Q

Vagus Nerve

A

10, Major Organs, Swallowing

62
Q

Anosognosia

A

Unawareness of a disorder

63
Q

What is it called when someone is unaware of their disorder

A

Anosognosia

64
Q

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

A

9, Pharynx, Salivation

65
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A

Issues with language comprehension

66
Q

Abducens Nerve

A

6, Eye movements, outward

67
Q

Oculomotor Nerve

A

3, Eye movements, pupil dilation

68
Q

CNS

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

69
Q

Lesions to Basal Ganglia Cause

A

Hyper/Hypokinetic Movements (Parkinsons/Huntingtons)

70
Q

Apraxia

A

abnormalities in motor planning, execution

71
Q

Layers of the Neocortex

A

Molecular (axons, dendrites), Small Pyramidal, Medium Pyramidal (Cortical-Cortical), Granular (from thalamus), Large Pyramidal (to subcortical ie. basal ganglia, brainstem), Polymorphic (to thalamus)

72
Q

What Layer is large in visual cortex

A

4 (granular)

73
Q

What layer is large in motor cortex

A

5 (large pyramidal)

74
Q

Neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junction

A

acetyl-choline

75
Q

Falx

A

Layer of Dura that runs through interhemispheric fissure, down to the corpus callosum

76
Q

Pros/ Cons of MRI

A

Good for soft tissues and spinal cord, no bone artifacts, expensive, relatively slow, can’t be used on individuals with metal, pacemakers, etc., will not pick up fresh hemorrhages

77
Q

Pros/ Cons of CT

A

fast, cheaper, good for bone, fresh hemorrhages, bad for soft tissues, bone artifacts

78
Q

Brainstem Junctions

A

Midbrain-Diencephalic, Pontomesencephaic, Pontomedullary, Cerviomedullary

79
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Plays a role in consciousness.. if damaged leads to coma

80
Q

Anterior Blood Supply

A

Aorta, Brachiocephalic Artery, Carotid Artery (Splits at Carotid Bifurcation), then becomes Anterior, Middle and Posterior Cerebral Arteries

81
Q

Circle of Willis

A

Where anterior and posterior circulations meet

Neuroanatomy (1 decks)

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