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intro to world religions > first test > Flashcards

first test Flashcards

1
Q

what are the time periods in order?

A

end of ice age, agriculture, kingdoms, age of empires, Pastoralist migration/ invasion, Axial age

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2
Q

what are the four river names and the civilization

A

nile river–> ancient Egypt
tigris river–> Mesopotamia and babylonia
indus ganges river–> Indus Valley
yellow river–> China

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3
Q

what is the ice age period?

A

water levels were rising and caused a flood. the rivers created very fertile soil. people settled around rivers because of the rich soil and they could farm

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4
Q

what is the agriculture period?

A

people start to settle. cyclical world view. increase in population, link with nature and goddesses. with an increase in pop, theres famine

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5
Q

what is the kingdoms period?

A

many kingdoms forming to create an empire. bigger societies. lots of trade, increase pop

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6
Q

what is the age of empires?

A

many gods and goddesses, there were many wars and distruction

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7
Q

what is the pastoralist migration period?

A

pastrolist move to the south. more growth, exchange of ideas, conflicts and more violence

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8
Q

what is the axial age?

A

iron and weapons are created, more religions, Buddhism, Confuciansm and Taoism are created

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9
Q

in hinduism, what is atman or brahman

A

impersonal divine force or universal existence
atman= brahman (Upanisads), innermost self or the true self

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10
Q

what is the order of Hinduism periods?

A

Vedic, classical, medieval

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11
Q

what gods are in the vediic period?

A

(god of storm)
(god of fire)
(god of wind)
(god of sun)

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12
Q

what sacred texts are in the Vedic time period?

A

Rg veda upanisads

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13
Q

what are the rituals in the Vedic time period

A

fire sacrifice

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14
Q

what are the gods in the classical period?

A

Vishnu, Shiva, Devi (Goddess)

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15
Q

what are the sacred texts in the classical period?

A

Ramayana, Mahabharata, Various, Sutras

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16
Q

what are the rituals in the classical period?

A

Puja

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17
Q

what are the gods in the medieval period?

A

Vishnu, Shiva, Devi (Goddess)

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18
Q

what are the sacred texts in the medieval period?

A

Puranas

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19
Q

what are the rituals in the medieval period?

A

Hymn signing

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20
Q

who was swami Sivananda (guru)

A

guru: a doctor and a sage. wanted to serve and love, wants to combine all religions into one. had breathing techniques

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21
Q

who was Swami vishnu devananda?*guru

A

Sivandas disciple swami vishnu devananda came to the west to spread sivanada’s message of yoga.

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22
Q

who was osho? guru

A

Rejects staunch rules and structure, destroy limits, He was very into wealth and affluent societies, He believed people should have as much as they want

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23
Q

who was Maharishi?

A

goal was to spread his message by setting up meditation centers all over the world. his technique was the mantra

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24
Q

what was the significant event that made gurus popular?

A

the vietnam war

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25
Q

in abrahamic traditions, what is Monotheism

A

the belief in one god

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26
Q

what is Polytheism

A

belief in many god

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27
Q

what is idolatry?

A

worship of idols ( cult image,icon, statue.), jews and muslims both idolize idols.

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28
Q

Name one religion that has a cyclical view and a linear view

A

Buddhism has cyclical, judaism has linear

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29
Q

what is a cyclical world view?

A

Others have reincarnation which makes life cyclical

30
Q

what is linear world view?

A

life is very linear (you are born then live until you die.

31
Q

what are the three monotheistic religions?

A

Judaism, Islam and Christianity

32
Q

what are the order of the kings?

A

David then Solomon,

33
Q

what happens before the destruction of the second temple?

A

the location of Judaism was in one place, temples were used, priests were leaders and there were sacrifices

34
Q

what happens after the destruction of the second temple?

A

jews are diapered in many places, synagogue is popular, rabbis are the leaders and prayers are rituals

35
Q

what are the four main branches of judaism?

A

orthodox, conservative, reform, reconstructionist

36
Q

what is orthodox?

A

the stricter traditions, compatible with modernity but there are some denominations within orthdox traditions that are more close knit.

37
Q

what is conservative?

A

middle ground between reform and orthodox.

38
Q

what is reform?

A

very flexible because there is the ability for interfaith dialogue (you can talk about other religious traditions). Women can serve as rabbis

39
Q

what is reconstructionisr?

A

they changed the prayer book and made it gender neutral. Bar mitzvah and bat mitzvah happens here (transition from adolescence)

40
Q

in Buddhism, what are the four noble truths?

A

Life is suffering (or unsatisfactory) → seems very negative but what it is getting at is taht we all experience loss and anxiety, we cant escape this. Meant to be realistic and accept that these things happen
The cause of suffering is desire → people suffer because they want certain things and will make more suffering
To eliminate the suffering you must eliminate desire →
The way to cultivate detachment is to follow 8 steps which is the Eightfold Path. → a moral framework.

41
Q

what are the three branches in Buddhism?

A

Theravada (focuses on widnsdom, very strict), Mahayana (compassion, nirvana), and Vajrayana (smaller, females have important roles)

42
Q

what are the four sights?

A

Buddha saw in succession an old man (consequences of aging), a sick person, a corpse being carried to cremation (death is inevitable), and a monk in meditation beneath a tree.

43
Q

who is Jen and li in confuscianism?

A

Jen→ refers to virtue and compassion, sometimes spelt with an r, cant have a self without the other
Li refers to behaviour, manners, etiquette

44
Q

what is the confucian approach?

A

The confucian approach to order in society is more paternalistic than egalitarian

45
Q

in daoism, what is the Dao?

A

translates as “the way” or path
Unifying and transcendent force

46
Q

what is ying and yang in daoism?

A

Yin: associated with passivity/ receptivity, the female, night, coldness and the moon
Yang: involves activity, the male, light, heat and the sun
Referred to as harmony
Yin has a bit of yang in it and the same for the other

47
Q

who was Constantine in Christianity?

A

roman emperor who converted to christianity. He did so after witnessing the sight of a cross in the sky along with his entire army. he also may have converted for political reasons as he maybe wanted to control a bigger army.

48
Q

what are the major branches in christianity?

A

Protestant, catholic and orthodox

49
Q

how did the rise in protanstanism start?

A

Martin Luther did not agree with the church because the church was selling indulgences and wanted to abolish the hierarchy. printing press helped contributed

50
Q

who is the leader in catholicism?

A

pope

51
Q

what is art in catholicism?

A

images and status

52
Q

are there sacraments in catholicism?

A

yes

53
Q

what is the church and architecture in catholicism?

A

elaborate / alter

54
Q

what is the afterlife like in catholicism?

A

heaven, helll, purgatory

55
Q

In orthodox in christianity, is there a leader or art

A

no

56
Q

are there sacraments in orthodox Christianity?

A

yes

57
Q

what is the church and architecture like in Eastern Orthodox?

A

its very elaborate

58
Q

is there an afterlife in Eastern Orthodox?

A

heaven, hell no purgatory

59
Q

is there a leader or art in prostatntinsim?

A

no

60
Q

in Protestantism are there sacraments?

A

no

61
Q

what is the church like in Protestantism?

A

simple

62
Q

in the afterlife of Protestantism, what is it like?

A

heaven, hell, no purgatory

63
Q

what are the five pillars in islam?

A

Shahadah: profession of faith
Salat: five daily prayers →Prayers regardless of where, face mecca
Zakat: obligatory tithes or almsgiving for the needy→ for example maybe giving a portion of you salary
Shawm: self-prification through fasting (Ramodan.) → purification through ramadan for a month before sunset
Hajj: the once in a lifetime pilgrimage to mecca → for those who can (like if you are old its hard sometimes to complete the pilgrimage) need to go to mecca and the surrounding area

64
Q

what are the two main branches in islam?

A

sunni and shi’a
majority of muslims in the world are suni
Shiia - smaller group in iran and iraq. happened after Mohammad died and they discussed on who would next lead their community

65
Q

what are the three groups of islamic Spain?

A

muslims, christians, and jews. they all lived in harmony and benefited from each other.

66
Q

how is Jerusalem a sacred spot to muslims, jews and christians?

A

Jerusalem is now a major pilgrimage site for Christians from around the world. For Muslims, Jerusalem is a site of key events in the life of Jesus and other important figures. It’s also the spot where, according to traditional interpretations of the Koran and other texts, the prophet Muhammad ascended to heaven (dome of the rock). Jerusalem is scared as it has the western wall.,

67
Q

what are the five main branches of islam?

A

Sunni, Shi’a, Ibadi, Ahmadiyya, and Sufism

68
Q

what is sikhism?

A

Intersection between hinduism and islam, Positive attitude towards other faiths ( emphasis on equality, hospitality.) , NOT a syncretic religion ,

69
Q

what is sikhism based off on?

A

Based off the teachings of guru nanak and 9 other gurus who followed him

70
Q

what is sikhism heavily influenced by?

A

Heavily influenced by islam.

71
Q

what are the three Cs according to Emerson?

A
  • Religion provides comfort and quells dissatisfaction (Marx)
  • Religion strengths human community (Durkheim)
  • Religion assures its followers that there is a larger cosmic order (Berger)

intro to world religions (1 decks)

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