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RUSVM Large Animal Medicine I 2017 > Fluid Therapy > Flashcards

Fluid Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

In what age of equine can SQ fluids be administered?

A

Foals

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2
Q

Shock Dose for Horses

A

60-90ml/kg/hr

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3
Q

What is the standard catheter used in Equines?

A

14 gauge 5.25in catheter

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4
Q

What is the flow for 14 gauge catheter in equine?

A

13.1 L/hr

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5
Q

What is the flow for a 12 gauge catheter in equine?

A

26.9 L/hr

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6
Q

What is the flow for a 10 gauge catheter in equine?

A

36.5 L/hr

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7
Q

What is the set up of STAT IV sets?

A

Gravity flow
4 X 5L bags
Large bore coil system
8 feet from the base of the heart

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8
Q

Flow is determined by what in the free flow system?

A

Height of the horse
Size of all tubing in system
Length of system
Fluid viscosity

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9
Q

Catheter Complications

A 
Thrombosis 
Septic Phlebitis
Perivascular leakage 
cracking 
Abscessation 
neurologic dysfunction 
sloughing 
Breakage - loss in heart and lung
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10
Q

What can occur from bilateral thrombosis?

A

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - edema and closure of the nasal passages

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11
Q

What is the local effect of Hypertonic Saline?

A

draws fluid from 3rd space and intracellular environment

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12
Q

What is the central effect of Hypertonic Saline?

A

Stimulates a CNS response favoring CV stability

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13
Q

What are the averse reactions of equines to Hypertonic saline?

A

Hemolysis

Cardiovascular alterations

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14
Q

What are the contraindications for Hypertonic saline?

A

Uncontrolled Hemorrhage
Severe Hypernatremia
Severe Hypokalemia

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15
Q

What is the most common acid base disturbance of horses?

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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16
Q

What is the most common acid base disturbance of Ruminants?

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

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17
Q

How do you treat acute Hyper/Hypo-natremia?

A

Rapid Re-establishment of normal range of sodium

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18
Q

How do you treat chronic Hyper/Hypo-natremia within the compensatory range?

A

Slow establishment of normal range of sodium

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19
Q

How do you treat chronic Hyper/Hypo-natremia outside the compensatory range?

A

Rapidly drop their level and then slowly bring them back to normal level

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20
Q

What causes Synchronous Diaphragmatic Flutter (SDF)?

A

underlying electrolyte acid/base disturbance

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21
Q

What is Synchronous Diaphragmatic Flutter (SDF) associated with?

A 
Hypocalcemia
Hypokalemia 
Metabolic alkalosis
Hyperexcitabilty of phrenic nerve
Contraction of the phrenic nerve with each atrial contraction
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22
Q

What are the clinical signs of Synchronous Diaphragmatic Flutter (SDF)?

A

“hiccups”

HR = RR, Unilateral or bilateral

23
Q

Physiological saline (0.9% NaCl)

A

Used for Rapid ECF volume expansion

24
Q

Hypertonic Saline (7.2% NaCl)

A

Quick IV volume expansion (resuscitation)
Rapidly draw water from ICF to ECF
Enhance Cardiac function

25
Q

0.5% Dextrose (D5W)

A

Good source of free water

26
Q

HES (Hetastarch)

A

Increase plasma oncotic pressure and vascular volume

27
Q

What type of fluid is LRS (Lactate Ringers Solution)?

A

Replacement Crystalloid

Maintenance Crystalloid

28
Q

50% Dextrose

A

Used in cattle or to supplement other fluids

29
Q

What is the tonicity of 50% Dextrose?

A

VERY Hypertonic

30
Q

What are examples of Colloids?

A

Hetastarch
Dextran
Plasma
Serum

31
Q

What are some isotonic solutions?

A

LRS
0.9% NaCl
Normosol
D5W

32
Q

What is an example of a Hypotonic solution?

A

0.45% NaCl

33
Q

When would you use a Hypotonic solution?

A

In cases of Plasma Hyperosmolality

34
Q

What do Replacement fluids such as LRS contain?

A 
More sodium (Na)
Less potassium (K)
35
Q

What fluid would you use to treat Metabolic Alkalosis?

A

NaCl (Acidifying Solution)

36
Q

What is the acid base disturbance seen in endurance horses?

A

Metabolic Alkalosis (due to sweat loss)

37
Q

What is the acid base disturbance for an animal with High GIT disease (Choke, gastric impaction, high obstructions and duodenitis- proximal jejunitis (anterior enteritis)

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

38
Q

What would you use to treat Metabolic Acidosis?

A

Lactate

39
Q

What acid base disturbance is present in an animal with GIT disease (intestinal loss of bicarbonate and inadequate tissue perfusion) and shock states with underlying disease (GIT adults or septicemia in foals)?

A

Metabolic Acidosis

40
Q

What fluid therapy should you use to treat metabolic acidosis?

A

LRS

Normosol

41
Q

What fluid therapy would you choose for Septic Pleurits?

A

(Metabolic Acidosis)
LRS
Normosol

42
Q

What fluid therapy would you choose for Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in a foal?

A

(Metabolic Acidosis)
LRS
Normosol

43
Q

What fluid therapy would you choose for exertional rhabdomyolysis with sweating?

A

(Metabolic Alkalosis)
NaCl
Possible Ca supplementation
K supplementation if not eating

44
Q

What fluid therapy would you choose for SI strangulating lesion?

A 
(Metabolic Acidosis)
LRS
Normosol
0.9% NaCl
D5W
45
Q

What fluid therapy would you choose for Nephrosplenic entrapment?

A

(Metabolic Acidosis)
LRS
Normosol

46
Q

What fluid therapy would you choose for Large Colon torsion?

A

(Metabolic Acidosis)
LRS
Normosol

47
Q

What fluid therapy would you choose for Colitis?

A

(Metabolic Acidosis)
LRS
Normosol
Possible K supplementation if Diarrhea is present and not eating

48
Q

What fluid therapy would you choose for Ruptured Bladder?

A

(Metabolic Alkalosis)

NaCl

49
Q

What fluid therapy would you choose for Post exercise exhaustion syndrome?

A

(Metabolic Alkalosis)
NaCl
Ca supplementation
K supplementation - if not eating

50
Q

What fluid therapy would you choose for a Filly with a cough and bilateral purulent nasal discharge that is alert, eating, defecating and urinating. HR = 68bpm and RR= 40/min. She has a dehydration of 5%?

A

LRS

51
Q

What fluids would be indicated in “Choke” (esophageal obstruction) horse who has been losing saliva over the past few days?

A

NaCl

52
Q

A horse presents with a strangulating lesion of the GI tract. He is significantly dehydrated and requires continued fluid therapy post op. What fluid therapy would be indicated?

A

LRS
0.9% NaCl
D5W
Ca supplementation

53
Q

What does an acidosis cause a decrease in?

A

protein- bound Calcium

RUSVM Large Animal Medicine I 2017 (5 decks)

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