Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anaesthesia > Fluids > Flashcards

Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

Crystalloids

A

Electrolyte solutions that can pass easily from the vascular space, used for short-term intravascular volume expansion and replacement of interstitial deficits, they can be hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Replacement Solutions

A

Crystalloid. Similar in electrolyte composition to plasma and can be given in large volumes rapidly if IV is required, should be used in mixed electrolyte and water loss situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

0.9% Sodium Chloride

A

Crystalloid, isotonic, contains sodium, chloride and water. Used to treat hypochloraemia, short term gastric vomiting with HCl loss, hyponatraemia, hypercalcaemia, hypoadrenocorticism and is suitable for intraoperative fluid therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hartmann’s Solution

A

Crystalloid, sodium lactate. Isotonic replacement solution, similar to plasma, contains Na, Cl, K, Ca and lactate. Used in electrolyte losses (acidosis), intestinal losses, diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure, suitable for intraoperative fluid therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hartmann’s Solution

A

May be a problem with liver disease due to lactate metabolism, not useful in cerebral oedema, or hypercalcaemia (since it contains calcium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hartmann’s Solution, Ringers

A

Do not use in the same line as blood products or sodium bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ringers

A

Similar to Hartmann’s but without lactate, used for replacement of fluid and electrolytes, prepyloric vomiting, patients with liver disease can be used in metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

7.2% Saline

A

Hypertonic, high osmotic potential, draws fluid into the intravascular space with a small infused volume (good when rapid recirculating volumes need to be replenished),

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

7.2% Saline

A

Effective within 5min, but only works for 30 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

4mL/kg

A

Dose of 7.2% Saline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Maintenance Fluids

A

Cryastalloids, lower sodium load, addition of dextrose and glucose to make them isotonic but they can provide a hypotonic solution NOT energy supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

5% Dextrose

A

Crystalloid, water made isotonic with dextrose, rapidly passes out of the vascular space , for treating free water losses, can cause electrolyte imbalance if given too much or too fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

5% Dextrose

A

Cannot be used to treat hypovolaemia because there is no fluid retention in the vasculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

0.18% Saline, 4% Glucose

A

Crystalloid, mainly water with small amounts of Na and Cl, K will be required if it is used for maintenance, for treating free water loss but not used so much anymore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Colloids

A

Can be natural or synthetic, they contain large macromolecules that retain fluid within the vascular space by increasing oncotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Colloids

A

Retained in the circulation for a long period of time unless the vasculature is leaky, could be dangerous if they escape the vasulature and take fluid with them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Natural

A

Colloid, albumin, plasma, limited shelf life and difficult to get

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Synthetic

A

Type of colloid most commonly used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Colloid

A

Used for treatment of hypovolaemia and for oncotic support of patients with hypoalbuminaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dosing

A

Be very careful of this when administering colloid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Anaphylaxis, coagulation interference, alteration of total solids of urine specific gravity and overinfusion

A

Risks of colloid administration

22
Q

Gelatine Based

A

Colloid, small molecular size, they have a shorter duration but a larger oncotic pull, rapid effect, good under anaesthesia, minimal clotting effect, electrolyte composition varies

23
Q

Dextrans

A

Not available in the UK veterinary market

24
Q

Hydroxyethylstarches

A

Most common in UK, different MW starches useful for longer term hypovolaemia or support for hypoalbuminaemic patients

25
Q

Larger

A

____ molecules less likely to escape the vasculature

26
Q

Hetastarch, pentastarch, tetrastarch

A

Types of starch in the hydroxyethylstarch colloid

27
Q

Oxyglobin

A

Natural Colloid derived from polymerised bovine haemoglobin, also a blood product, large protein with colloid effect on oncotic pressure, no crossmatching needed, can alter colour of MM and tests, can be given with haemorrhage and can increase oxygen carrying capacity

28
Q

Whole Blood

A

Blood Product, contains RBC, proteins, clotting factor, platelets, used for acute blood loss, anaemia, coagulopathy

29
Q

28 days (refrigerated)

A

Whole Blood storage life

30
Q

1%, 2mL/kg

A

PVC will be raised by ___/____ administered

31
Q

12-24 hours

A

Protein degradation in whole blood occurs after this period of time

32
Q

Packed Red Blood Cells

A

Centrifuged, PCV will be 60-90%, will need resuspension in 0.9%NaCl, used in normovolaemic anaemia and whole blood loss (with other fluid products)

33
Q

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

A

Contains clotting factors and other plasma proteins, used for coagulopathies, animals with prolonged clotting times getting surgery, immunoglobulin deficiency, sometimes used to increase patient plasma albumin but will require large volumes

34
Q

6 hours

A

FFP must be frozen how long after collection?

35
Q

2-3 months at -18C for a year

A

Shelf life information for FFP

36
Q

10-30mg/kg over four hours

A

Dose of FFP

37
Q

Frozen Plasma

A

Frozen more than 6 hours after collection, will contain K-dependent factors but does not contain V, VIII, vWF or plasma proteins, use for anticoagulant forms of rodenticide toxicity

38
Q

II, VII, IX, X

A

Factors in frozen plasma

39
Q

V, VIII, vWF and plasma proteins

A

Factors not in frozen plasma

40
Q

Cryoprecipitate

A

Produced from the plasma fraction of blood, used for inherited clotting factor deficiencies (haemophilia A and vWF)

41
Q

50% Factor VII and 30%factors VIIc, XIII and vWF

A

Cryoprecipitate constituents

42
Q

A year at -18C

A

Storage life

43
Q

3 years

A

Oxyglobin shelf life

44
Q

Potassium Chloride

A

Adjunct, comes alone for addition to other fluids, must be mixed well (avoid high concentration pockets), ensure good renal and cardiac function, check infusion rates and monitor the response

45
Q

> 0.5 mmol/kg/hr

A

DO NOT go above this when administering potassium chloride

46
Q

Hypokalaemia

A

cay cause weakness, inappetant patients may not recieve adequate potassium via food, other disease processes cause potassium loss

47
Q

Arrhythmias, cardiac arrest and death

A

Results of potassium chloride overdose

48
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

A

Adjunct, useful for correction of acidaemia, respiratory function must be good to eliminate CO2, cannot be mixed with Ca -containing fluids or they will precipitate into the tissues, give a small amount and reassess

49
Q

Third or half estimated requirement over 30 mins

A

Dose

50
Q

0.3xBExweight

A

Requirement in mmol

51
Q

7.2% Saline

A

Avoid this fluid if the patient is dehydrated, haypernatraemic, volume overload and uncontrolled haemorrhage

Anaesthesia (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions