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Anatomy > Foot and Ankle Muscles > Flashcards

Foot and Ankle Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior Compartment

A 
MUSCLES:
- anterior tibialis
- extensor hallucis longus
- extensor digitorum longus
- peroneus terius
Primary function - dorsiflexion

NERVE: deep peroneal nerve
(division of common peroneal nerve - superficial peroneal goes to lateral compartment - which is a division of the sciatic nerve)

VASCULATURE: anterior tibial artery and vein
(continuation of popliteal artery)

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2
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT (ORIGIN):

  • lateral condyle of the tibia
  • lateral surface of the tibia along its proximal 2/3
  • adjoining interosseous membrane

DISTAL ATTACHMENT (INSERTION):

  • medial cuneiform
  • 1st MT base

INNERVATION: deep peroneal (L4, L5)

ACTIONS:

  • dorsiflexes the ankle
  • inverts the foot
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3
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT (ORIGIN):

  • medial (may also be called anterior) surface of the fibula along its middle 1/2
  • adjacent interosseous membrane
DISTAL ATTACHMENT (INSERTION): 
base of the distal phalanx of the great toe along its dorsal surface

INNERVATION: deep peroneal (L5)

ACTIONS:

  • extends the hallux
  • dorsiflexes the ankle and foot
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4
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT (ORIGIN):

  • lateral tibial condyle
  • medial surface of the fibula along its proximal 3/4
  • adjoining interosseous membrane

DISTAL ATTACHMENT (INSERTION): distal phalanges of lesser four digits

INNERVATION: deep peroneal (L5, S1)

ACTIONS:

  • extends the 4 lesser digits
  • dorsiflexes the ankle and foot
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5
Q

Peroneus Tertius

A

PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT (ORIGIN):

  • medial surface of the fibula along its distal 1/3
  • adjoining interosseous membrane

DISTAL ATTACHMENT (INSERTION): base of the 5th MT along its dorsal surface medially

INNERVATION: deep peroneal (L5, S1)

ACTIONS:

  • dorsiflexes the foot and ankle
  • everts the foot
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6
Q

Posterior Compartment

A 
MUSCLES:
[superficial] 
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- plantaris
[deep]
- popliteus
- posterior tibialis
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallucis longus

NERVES: tibial nerve

  • division of the sciatic nerve
  • travels with posterior tibial artery
  • travels through tarsal tunnel under flexor retinaculum

VASCULATURE: Posterior tibial artery and vein

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7
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT (ORIGIN):
[medial head]
- posterior surface of the medial femoral condyle lateral to the adductor tubercle
- the adjoining portion of the popliteal surface
[lateral head]
- lateral femoral condyle along its lateral surface
- the adjoining supracondylar line

DISTAL ATTACHMENT (INSERTION): posterior surface of the calcaneus at its mid-level

INNERVATION: tibial nerve (S1, S2)
(division of the sciatic nerve)

ACTIONS:

  • plantarflexes the ankle
  • flexes the knee
  • controls anterior tibial advancement during gait
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8
Q

Soleus

A

PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT (ORIGIN):

  • posterior aspect of the fibular head
  • posterior shaft of the fibula along its proximal 1/4
  • tibial soleal line
  • middle 1/3 of tibial medial border

DISTAL ATTACHMENT (INSERTION): posterior surface of the calcaneus at its midlevel

INNERVATION: tibial nerve (S1, S2)
(division of the sciatic n.)

ACTIONS: plantarflexes the ankle

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9
Q

Plantaris

A

PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT (ORIGIN):

  • distal aspect of the lateral supracondylar line of the femur
  • the oblique popliteal ligament

DISTAL ATTACHMENT (INSERTION):

  • medial border of calcaneal tendon
  • posterior aspect of calcaneus

INNERVATION: tibial n. (S1, S2)
(division of the sciatic n.)

ACTIONS: weakly plantarflexes the ankle

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10
Q

Popliteus

A

PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT (ORIGIN): lateral femoral condyle on an impression on the distal most portion of the lateral supracondylar line

DISTAL ATTACHMENT (INSERTION): posterior tibia proximal to the soleal line

INNERVATION: tibial n. (L4, L5, S1)
(division of the sciatic n.)

ACTIONS: generally unlocks the fully extended knee (i.e. initiates knee flexion)

  • open chain: medially rotates the tibia
  • closed chain: laterally rotates the femur
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11
Q

tibialis posterior

A

PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT (ORIGIN):

  • most of the interosseous membrane
  • lateral portion of the posterior surface of tibia
  • proximal 2/3 of medial surface of fibula
  • adjacent intermuscular septa and deep fascia

DISTAL ATTACHMENT (INSERTION):

  • navicular tuberosity
  • plantar surface of the medial cuneiform
  • sustentaculum tali
  • plantar aspects of the intermediate cuneiform
  • plantar aspects of the bases of the 2nd to 4th MT

INNERVATION: tibial n. (L4, L5)

ACTIONS:
- inverts the foot (principle inverter)
- plantar flexes the foot and ankle
(primary decelerator of pronation = tight/sore in overpronators)

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12
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT (ORIGIN):

  • medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line
  • fascia covering tibialis posterior

DISTAL ATTACHMENT (INSERTION): distal phalanges of the 4 lesser toes along their plantar aspects

INNERVATION: tibial n. (S1, S2, (S3))

ACTIONS:

  • flexes the phalanges
  • plantarflexes the ankle
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13
Q

Tarsal Tunnel

A

TDANH - tom dick and harry from medial malleolus

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14
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT (ORIGIN):

  • posterior surface of the fibula along its distal 2/3
  • adjacent interosseous membrane
  • the posterior intermuscular septum

DISTAL ATTACHMENT (INSERTION): plantar aspect of the distal phalanx of the hallux

INNERVATION: tibial n. (S1, S2, (S3))
(division of sciatic n.)

ACTIONS:

  • flexes the great toe
  • plantarflexes the ankle
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15
Q

Peroneus Longus

A

PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT (ORIGIN):

  • head of fibula
  • lateral surface of the fibula along its proximal 2/3
  • A & P intermuscular septa

DISTAL ATTACHMENT (INSERTION):
- medial cuneiform
- 1st MT base
…along their lateral and plantar surfaces

INNERVATION: superficial peroneal (L5, S1, S2)
(of common peroneal n., of sciatic n.)

ACTIONS: 
- everts the foot
- plantar flexes the foot and ankle
- plantar flexes the 1st ray
(stabilizes foot)
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16
Q

Peroneus Brevis

A

PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT (ORIGIN):

  • lateral surface of the fibula along its distal 2/3
  • A & P intermuscular septa

DISTAL ATTACHMENT (INSERTION): 5th MT base at its lateral tubercle

INNERVATION: superficial peroneal n. (L5, S1, S2)
(of the common perineal n. of the sciatic n.)

ACTIONS: everts the foot

17
Q

Compartment Innervations

A

ANTERIOR: Deep Peroneal (of the common peroneal of the sciatic n.)
PT + EDL - L5, S1
EHL - L5
TA - L4, L5

LATERAL: Superficial Peroneal - L5, S1, S2 (of the common peroneal of the sciatic n.)

POSTERIOR: tibial (of the sciatic nerve)
FHL + FDL - S1, S2, (S3)
TP - L4, L5
Pop - L4, L5, S1
[sup] Plant + Soleus + Gastroc - S1, S2
18
Q

Ankle DF

A
  • TA
  • EHL
  • EDL
  • PT
19
Q

Ankle PF

A
  • gastroc
  • soleus
  • plantaris
  • TP
  • FDL
  • FHL
  • PL
  • PB
20
Q

Eversion (foot pronation)

A
  • PL
  • PB
  • PT
21
Q

Inversion (foot supination)

A
  • TP

- TA

22
Q

Extends digits

A
  • EDL

- EHL

23
Q

Flexes digits

A
  • FDL

- FHL

24
Q

What attaches to the talus?

A

NOTHING!

25
Q

Which muscles attach to the…femur?

A
  • gastroc

- plantaris

26
Q

Which muscles attach to the…tibia?

A
  • TA
  • EDL
  • Soleus
  • TP
  • FDL
27
Q

Which muscles attach to the…fibula?

A
  • EDL
  • EHL
  • PL
  • PB
  • PT
  • Soleus
  • TP
  • FHL
28
Q

Which muscles attach to the…tarsals of the REARFOOT?

A
  • gastroc / soleus

- plantaris

29
Q

Which muscles attach to the…tarsals of the MIDFOOT?

A
  • PL
  • TP
  • TA
30
Q

Which muscles attach to the…Forefoot?

A
  • EHL
  • EDL
  • PB
  • PT
  • FDL
  • FHL
31
Q

Retinaculum

A

FUNCTION: holds tendons next to bone

  • extensor (upper and lower)
  • flexor
  • lateral (peroneal)
31
Q

Retinaculum

A

FUNCTION: holds tendons next to bone

  • extensor (upper and lower)
  • flexor
  • lateral (peroneal)
32
Q

Flexor Retinaculum

A
  • medial to talocrural joint
    ATTACHMENTS:
  • medial malleolus
  • calcaneus
STRUCTURES (medial to lateral):
Tom, Dick, ANd Harry
- post Tib
- flex Digitorum longus
- post tibial Artery
- tibial Nerve
- flexor Hallucis longus
32
Q

Flexor Retinaculum

A
  • medial to talocrural joint
    ATTACHMENTS:
  • medial malleolus
  • calcaneus
STRUCTURES (medial to lateral):
Tom, Dick, ANd Harry
- post Tib
- flex Digitorum longus
- post tibial Artery
- tibial Nerve
- flexor Hallucis longus
33
Q

Extensor Retinaculum

A

[superior portion]
- immediately proximal to talocrural
- contains: DF and extensor muscles
(anterior compartment muscles)

[inferior portion]

  • Y-shaped containing proximal and distal band
  • distal contains: dorsalis pedis artery (distal continuation of TA artery)
34
Q

Lateral Retinaculum

A

contains: peroneus longus and brevis tendons
[superior portion]
attaches to posterior lateral malleolus to calcaneus
[inferior portion]
continuous with extensor retinaculum back to calcaneus laterally

Anatomy (6 decks)

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