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Ortho > Foot/ankle > Flashcards

Foot/ankle Flashcards

1
Q

Which bones make up the ankle?

A

Talus

Tibia

Calcaneus

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2
Q

Which ligaments make up the lateral ligament complex of the ankle?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

Calcanofibular ligament

Posterior talofibular ligament

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3
Q

Which ligaments make up the deltoid ligaments?

Also known as the ankle syndesmoses

A

tibiocalcaneal ligament
tibionavicular ligament
posterior superficial tibiotalar ligament
tibiospring ligament

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4
Q

Which muscles are important for ankle movement?

A 
Gastrocnemius 
Soleus 
Posterior tibialis 
Anterior tibialis
Peroneal longus and brevis

All their tendons as well

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5
Q

Nerve supple to ankle

A

Posterior tibial

Deep peroneus

Superficial peroneus

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6
Q

Main arteries of the ankle

A

Dorsal is pedis

Posterior tibial artery

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7
Q

How many ankle injuries a day occur in America?

A

25,000

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8
Q

What percentage of sports injury are ankle injury?

A

40%

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9
Q

What percentage of sankle injury are basketball injuries?

A

53%

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10
Q

Peak incidences of ankle injuries occur at what age?

A

15-19

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11
Q

Males between age _______ have higher risk of incidence than females

A

15-19

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12
Q

Females of age _______ and older has a higher risk of ankle injury than males

A

30+

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13
Q

What percentage of all ankle injuries occur during athletic activities?

A

49.3%

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14
Q

80% of ankle injury are a result of __________ sprain

A

Inversion sprain

“Rolled ankle”

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15
Q

In sports clinics what percentage of injuries are ankle injuries?

A

30%

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16
Q

ALmost ______ of ankle injuries were sustained during landing. _______ % as a result of landing on someone else’s foot

A

1/2

25%

17
Q

Ankle sprain:

Lateral aspect

2/3 of ankle sprains

Anterior talofibular ligament

80%

A

Inversion sprain

18
Q

With inversion sprains, which ligaments can be affected by high impact?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

And calcaneofibular ligament

19
Q

Ankle sprain:

Medial side

Deltoid ligaments involved: from tibia to talus, sustantaculum tali, & navicular

A

Eversion/ deltoid sprain

20
Q

Patient presentation with deltoid sprain

A

Pain at medial ankle

Edema

Radiating pain possibly to knee

Severity varies(depending on stretch and inflammation)

21
Q

What is included in a deltoid sprain evaluation?

A

Hx of eversion injury

Signs of trauma on inspection

Palpatory tenderness

X-ray

Ortho-not usual in acute cases

Neuro tests negative

Related areas negative

22
Q

What are the related areas of deltoid injury sprain?

A

Knee

Hip

23
Q

Treatment of deltoid sprain includes?

A

RICE

Brace

Surger usually not required

Spinal adjustments

Foot/ankle manipulation

Therapy

Excerise-including propriocetion

24
Q

What are the 3 tissues involved with high ankle sprain/syndesmostic sprain?

A

Anterior inferior tabiofibular ligament

Inferior tibulofibular ligament

Interosseous membrane

25
Q

What is the mechanism of high ankle sprain?

A

External rotation when foot is turned toward the outside with respect to the leg

26
Q

Pt- Presentation with high ankle ?

A

Lateral pain above ankle

Swelling/ecchymosis on inspection

Palpatory tenderness

27
Q

Which grade of ankle injury do we see bleeding?

A

Grade 1 & especially grade 2

28
Q

Test associated with high ankle sprain that elicits pain radiating to the high ankle ligaments when the knee is squeezed?

A

Squeeze test

29
Q

High ankle sprain test that elicits pain at the high ankle after the knee has been slightly flexed, ankle placed in neutral and the foot is turned out.

A

External rotation test

30
Q

Why is X-ray important with high ankle sprains?

A

To rule out fractures

31
Q

Tx of high ankle sprain?

A

May take up to 6-8 weeks

Longer to rehab

Hop on foot 15 times or run
figure 8’s

Ortho (4 decks)

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