Forced migration

Question 1

Causes of migration: Push factors (why to leave)

Answer 1

Bombs have destroyed crowded cities for ex, Aleppo.
Horrific human rights violations are widespread.
Thousands of people have been killed, kidnapped, tortured, raped and beheaded.
Basic necessities like food and medical equipment are sparse.
Over 4 million people are left homeless.
Much of the countries infrastructure and essential services have been destroyed.

Question 2

Causes of migration: Pull factors (why to come)

Answer 2

Many Syrians have families and friends already living abroad so it is easier to make the move.
Syria has porous land borders with Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan which makes it easier to migrate into these countries, even without a passport.

Question 3

Impact on donor country (Syria)

Answer 3

Much of Syria’s educated elite population have fled their home in search of safety.
Syria does not have enough doctors and nurses to look after the injured and the weak.
Once vibrant cities such as Homs and Aleppo are now ghost towns.

Question 4

Impact of host countries (Lebanon, Turkey, Jordan)

Answer 4

Many people are living in the regions two smallest countries, which means weak infrastructure and limited resources are nearing breaking point under the strain.
Some area the population has doubled, putting pressure on education and health services.
In crowded urban centres, the rents in some places have tripled since the influx of refugees.
Some Lebanese people say they have lost their job because Syrians are willing to work for less. Or that they have been evicted as Syrians share housing with many people, and therefore can afford rents that the Lebanese cannot.
There is new cultural tensions and resentments in host communities.