FOREBRAIN : basal ganglia

Question 1

Basal ganglia

                       \+ 3 nuclei 

                       \+ 2 diseases

Answer 1

• > planning goal directed actions
• > ensuring smooth movement / coordination

nuclei

1. Globus pallidus
2. Putamen
3. Caudate nucleus

diseases

1. Parkinson’s
2. Huntington’s

Question 2

Globus pallidus

Answer 2

• > movement inhibition
• > internal -> infromation relay
• > external -> sends info. to thalamus

Question 3

Putamen

Answer 3

mediating movement + coordination

Question 4

Caudate nucleus

Answer 4

+ putamen = STRATIUM

Question 5

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 5

breakdown of dopaminergic neurons
-> SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

subthalamic nucleus overactivation
-> ‘‘pausing’’ GLOBUS PALLIDUS -> shutdown of motion

symptoms

• > tremors / slowed movement
• > impaired posture + balance
• > loss of automatic movement
• > speech + writing changes

Question 6

Huntington’s disease

Answer 6

degeneration of basal ganglia
-> CAUDATE NUCLEUS + PUTAMEN

symptoms

• > rapid involuntary movement
• > brief muscle contraction -> jerking
• > uncoordinated + slow movement
• > irritability / excitability / agitation