Foundations of Chemistry

Question 1

What are the for numbers 1-5?

Answer 1

1. Meth
2. Eth
3. Prop
4. But
5. Pent

Question 2

What are the prefixes for numbers 6-10?

Answer 2

6. Hex
7. Hept
8. Oct
9. Non
10. Dec

Question 3

What are 4 ways that intermolecular forces affect boiling points

Answer 3

1. Size of molecule - Bigger = more electrons therefore a stronger temporary dipole dipole
2. Polarity - more electronegative atom can cause a permanent dipole dipole
3. Hydrogen bonding.
4. Surface area. More surface area = more bonds therefore stronger forces = higher boiling point

Question 4

What is the functional structure of an Alkyl Halide?

Answer 4

C-X

* X can be any member of group 17 on the periodic table. (F, Cl, Br, I)

Question 5

What is the functional structure of an Ether?

Answer 5

C-O-C

Question 6

What is the functional structure of an Alcohol?

Answer 6

C-OH

There are 2 notable bonds the C-O and the O-H

Question 7

What is the functional structure of an Aldehyde?

Answer 7

Question 8

What is the functional structure of a Keytone?

Answer 8

Question 9

What is the functional structure of an Amide?

Answer 9

* There are 3 notable bonds in an amide

C=O, C-N and N-H

Question 10

What is the functional structure of an Amine?

Answer 10

C-N

Question 11

What is the functional structure of a Thiol?

Answer 11

C-SH *

There are 2 notable bonds C-S and S-H

Question 12

What is the functional structure of a Nitrile?

Answer 12

Question 13

What is the functional structure of a Carboxylic Acid?

Answer 13

* There are 3 notable bonds, C=O, C-O and O-H

Question 14

What is the functional structure of an Acyl Halide?

Answer 14

* There are 2 notable bonds

C=O and C-X

Question 15

What is the functional structure of an ester?

Answer 15

* There are 2 notable bonds C=O and C-O

Question 16

What is the functional structure of an Acid Anhydride?

Answer 16

* There are 2 notable bonds C=O and C-O

Question 17

What are the two main branches of isomers?

Answer 17

Constitutional and stereo isomers

Question 18

What is the definition of a conformational isomer

Answer 18

An isomer that differs by rotation about a single bond

Question 19

What is the definition of a configurational isomer

Answer 19

A configurational isomer is an isomer which requires breaking bonds to be the same

Question 20

What is an enantiomer?

Answer 20

An enantiomer is a non- superimposable morror image

Question 21

What is a diastereomer

Answer 21

not mirror image but still requires breaking bonds as is a branch of configurational.

Question 22

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 22

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole dipole interaction the dipole interaction is between a slightly negative atom and a slightly positive hydrogen for example O-H