frustration-aggression hypothesis AO1 Flashcards
who put forward the frustration aggression hypothesis?
dollard et al
what does the frustration aggression hypothesis state?
- that frustration always leads to aggression
- and aggression is always the result of frustration
the hypothesis is based on the ….. explanation of ….. . we experience frustration when our attempts to reach a goal are …. by some …. factor. this creates an ….. …. which leads to aggressive …./…. such as a violent …., a verbal ….. or even physical …. . this removes the …. emotion which is called …. . the aggression created by the frustration is …. thereby ….. the drive and making further aggression … likely
the hypothesis is based on the psychodynamic explanation of catharsis. we experience frustration when our attempts to reach a goal are blocked by some external factor. this creates an aggressive drive which leads to aggressive thoughts/behaviour such as a violent fantasy, a verbal outburst or even physical violence. this removes the negative emotion which is called catharsis. the aggression created by the frustration is satisfied thereby reducing the drive and making further aggression less likely.
the frustration-aggresison hypothesis recognises that aggression is not always expressed directly against the source of frustration for 3 reasons. what are the 3 reasons?
- cause of frustration may be abstract
- cause may be too powerful and we may risk punishment by aggressing against it
- cause may be unavailable at the time
aggression is ….. onto an …. - one that is not …., is …. and is ….
aggression is displaced onto an alternative - one that is not abstract, is weaker and is available
according to …., frustration merely creates a …. for aggression. but the presence of …. …. in the environment make acting upon this much …. likely. therefore, cues are an …. element of the frustration-aggression hypothesis
according to berkowitz, frustration merely creates a readiness for aggression. but the presence of aggressive cues in the environment make acting upon this much more likely. therefore cues are an additional element of the frustration-aggression hypothesis.
berkowitz demonstrated the so called …. effect in a lab study. participants were given real …. …. by a ….., creating …. and ….. . the participants later had the opportunity to give …. …. to the confederate. the number of shocks was …. when there were … guns on a table compared to other conditions where there was … guns. this weapon effect …. berkowitz’s contention that the …. of ….. …… …. stimulates aggression
berkowitz demonstrated the so-called weapon effect in a lab study. participats were given real electric shocks by a confederate, creating anger and frustration. the participants later had the opportunity to give fake shocks to the confederate. the number of shocks was greater when there were two guns on a table compared to other conditions where there was no guns. this weapon effect supports berkowitz’s contention that the presence of aggressive environmental cues stimulates aggression.
what did green investigate?
- how frustration affects aggression
green’s procedure - university students completed a …. …. . their level of frustration was experimentally …… in one of .. ways. for some participants, the puzzle was ….. to solve. for others, they ran out of …. because another student in the room kept …. . for a third group, the confederate ….. the participant as they …. to solve the puzzle. all participants later had the opportunity to give the confederate …. …. .
green’s procedure - university students completed a jigsaw puzzle. their level of frustration was experimentally manipulated in one of 3 ways. for some participants, the puzzle was impossible to solve. for others, they ran out of time because another student in the room kept interfering. for a third group, the confederate insulted the participant as they failed to solve the puzzle. all participants later had the opportunity to give the confederate electric shocks
green’s findings - the …. participats gave the …. shock on average, followed by the ….. group then the …. … participants. all .. groups selected …. ….. shocks than a non-frustrated …. ….
green’s findings - the insulted participants gave the strongest shock on average, followed by the interfered group then the impossible task participants. all 3 groups selected more intense shocks than a non-frustrated control group.
