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Radiology > Fundamentals Of Chest Radiology > Flashcards

Fundamentals Of Chest Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Silhouette sign ?

A

When two objects of the same density touch each other the edge between them disappears.

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2
Q

Right middle lobe silhouette ?

A

Right heart border

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3
Q

Lingula of the left lung silhouettes?

A

Left heart border

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4
Q

Right and left Lower lung lobes silhouettes ?

A

Right and left hemi- diaghprams

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5
Q

Right lung has how many lobes?

A

3

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6
Q

Left lung has how many lobes?

A

2

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7
Q

Bronchi are only visible in chest X-Ray?

A

Only when there is something of fluid density or more is in the bronchi such as pulmonary edema fluid, blood, gastric aspirate or inflammatory exudate

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8
Q

What is air bronchogram ?

A

The visibility of air in the bronchi because of surrounding airspace disease is called air bronchogram

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9
Q

What is air space disease?

A

It is an acute or chronic presentation of consolidation or ground glass opacity on chest imagining due to the presence of fluid or blood etc. In alveolar airspace.

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10
Q

What are solid spheres in the chest X-Ray?

A

These are spheres with homogeneous density such as blood vessels and masses

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11
Q

What are hollow tubes in CXR?

A

They are structures with lower density in it’s center such as bronchi and cavities

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12
Q

What are the common causes of multiple lung nodules?

A

Metastasis, multiple AVMs, Rheumatoid nodules, and Wegner’s granulomatosis

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13
Q

What is the bronchiectasis presentation in CXR?

A

In chest X-RAY they present as multiple tube like structures. These are dilated bronchi.

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14
Q

What is the most common symptom of bronchiectasis?

A

Persistent cough with phlegm and SoB

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15
Q

What are the lung diseases with multiple cystic structures ?

A

Cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary TB

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16
Q

What are the two major types of parenchymal lung diseases?

A

Alveolar or airspace disease and interstitial lung diseases.

17
Q

What are the CXR characteristics of alveolar or airspace lung diseases?

A

1) It has airspace bronchograms
2) fluffy and indistinct
3) confluent and homogeneous
4) May have segmental or lobar distribution

18
Q

Common alveolar lung diseases?

A

Pneumonia, pulmonary edema , pulmonary hemorrhage and aspiration

19
Q

What are the CXR characteristics of interstitial lung diseases?

A

They are discreet, inhomogeneous, no air bronchograms, and presents with reticular, nodular or reticulonodular features

20
Q

Common interstitial lung diseases?

A

Cancer 1st or 2nd degree, sarcoidosis, cystic fibrosis, and asbestosis

21
Q

What are the causes of opacified hemithorax?

A

Atelectasis, pleural effusion, and pneumonia

22
Q

CXR characteristics of Atelectasis

A

Opacified hemithorax from volume loss+ shift of heart and mediastinal structures towards the opacified hemithorax.

23
Q

What is atelectasis ?

A

It is the collapse of part or all of the lung due to broncial or bronchioles obstruction or by pressure on the lung.

24
Q

Clinical presentation of atelectasis?.

A

Rapid onset will have pain acute dyspnea and cyanosis. Hypotension, tachycardia and fever may also develop. Insidious onset may have no symptoms

25
Q

CXR characteristics of pleural effusion?

A

Opacified hemithorax from large effusion. Shift heart and mediastinal structures away from the side of opacified hemithorax

26
Q

CXR characteristics of pneumonia?

A

Opacified hemithorax
+
Air bronchogram with No mediastinal or cardiac shift

27
Q

CXR characteristics of congestive heart failure?

A

Kerley B lines, pleural effusion, fluid in the fissures, no cardiomegaly or cephalization

28
Q

What are Kerley B lines?

A

They are horizontal lines in the lungs periphery that extend to the pleural surface. They denote thickened and edematous interlobular septa due to pulmonary edema

29
Q

What is peribronchial cuffing or thickening?

A

It is a radiological sign that occurs when excess fluid or mucus accumulate in the small airways leading to localized patches of atelectasis

30
Q

CXR signs of Pneumothorax?

A

Must see visceral pleural white lines+ absence of lung marking peripherally shift of mediastinal structures: none in simple pneumothorax, away in tension pneumothorax, never towards side of pneumothorax

31
Q

Three causes of cavitary lung lesions?

A

Carcinoma of the lung, TB, and abscess

32
Q

What are the factors to consider when examining cavitary lung lesions in CXR?

A

Thickness of the wall, inner margin of the cavity and air fluid level

33
Q

CXR characteristics of lung carcinoma?

A

Thick wall of the lesion, nodular inner margins, variable air- fluid levels in the lesion

34
Q

CXR characteristics of cavitary TB lesions?

A

Thin walls of the cavity+ smooth inner margins+ no air fluid levels.

35
Q

CXR characteristics of lung abscess ?

A

Thick cavitary lesion walls+ smooth inner margins+ increased air fluid levels

Radiology (1 decks)

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