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VETS1060: Animal & Vet Biology - In Semester Exam > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

The six kingdoms are

A

-fungi
-animalia
-plantae
-eubacteria
-Protista
-archaebacteria

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2
Q

Fungi are

A

Multicellular eukaryotes in the Opisthokont clade

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3
Q

Fungi are more closely related to _____ than ____

A

Animals ; plants

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4
Q

Opisthokonta contain a

A

Posterior flagella

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5
Q

Ancestor of fungi was

A

Aquatic, single celled, flagellated protist

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6
Q

Fungi feed by

A

Absorption

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7
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Depend on outside nutrient sources

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8
Q

Fungi are similar to plants because both have

A

Rigid cell wall

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9
Q

Unlike plants, the cell wall of Fungi are made of

A

Chitin

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10
Q

Fungi produce

A

Spores

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11
Q

Fungal spores require ______ to stimulate growth

A

Moisture

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12
Q

Hyphae

A

Branching extensions that grow from the spore. Designed to increase surface area for absorption of nutrients

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13
Q

Budding

A

Replication method used by single cell fungi / yeast

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14
Q

All energy of fungi goes into

A

Extension of hyphae

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15
Q

Mesophilic

A

Preferred temp range is 20-40 C

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16
Q

Typical fungal structure of eukaryotic cell includes 6:

A

-cell wall made of chitin
-cell membrane
-cytoplasm
-mitochondria
-nucleus
-vacuole

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17
Q

Cell wall of fungi is made of ____ (4) and its functions are (3)

A

-made of chitin, glucans, mannans, and glycoproteins
-rigidity
-osmotic stability
-secretion of enzymes

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18
Q

Cell membrane of fungi is

A

-bilayered
-predominately ergosterol

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19
Q

Mycelium

A

Mat of entwining hyphae

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20
Q

Two basic cell arrangements of Fungi are

A

-multicellular branching (hyphae)
-single cell (yeast) —> budding

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21
Q

Pseudohyphae and an example

A

Some yeasts, Candida albicans, will produce elongated processes (similar to hyphae) when budding

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22
Q

Septum

A

Division of hyphae (not all fungi have!)

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23
Q

network of hyphae is called

A

Mycelium

24
Q

Reproduction of fungi is

A

Asexual (80% of the time) and Sexual (when genetic variation is being introduced)

25
Q

Most of the time, fungi reproduce

A

Asexually

26
Q

Fungi sexual reproduction consists of three steps:

A
  1. Plasmogamy —> fusion of haploid cells from two different mycelia
  2. Karyogamy —> zygote is produced
  3. Meiosis —> spores are formed
27
Q

Fungi sexual reproduction often occurs

A

In response to adverse environment conditions

28
Q

Teleomorph

A

Sexual stage of fungi

29
Q

Anamorph

A

Asexual stage of fungi

30
Q

Nomenclature of fungi depends on

A

Lifecycle (reproductive) stage

31
Q

Six divisions of Fungi are

A

-Chytridiomycota
-Zygomycota
-Glomeromycota
-Basidiomycota
-Ascomycota
-Deuteromycota / Fungi Imperfecti

32
Q

Fruiting body

A

-Visible part of fungi
-contain spores

33
Q

Chytridiomycota

A

-oldest division of fungi
-live in aquatic environments
-affect marine life

34
Q

Zygomycota

A

-found in soil
-decaying material ie. mould

35
Q

Glomeromycota

A

-breakdown of soil
-can cause crop disease

36
Q

Basidiomycota

A

-mushrooms

37
Q

Ascomycota

A

-yeasts

38
Q

Deuteromycota / Fungi Imperfecti

A

-“other” category
-becoming smaller as we learn more about fungi

39
Q

Easiest way to classify fungi is through

A

Morphology

40
Q

Morphology of fungi can be one of three

A

-multicellular microscopic fruiting bodies (ie. moulds)
-multicellular macroscopic fruiting bodies (ie. mushrooms)
-single celled (ie. yeasts)

41
Q

Dimorphic

A

Fungi that can be yeast like in one environment then change to hyphae growth in another environment
Ex. Candida

42
Q

Moulds

A

Multicellular filamentous fungi that form microscopic fruiting bodies

43
Q

Mushrooms

A

Multicellular filamentous fungi that form macroscopic fruiting bodies

44
Q

Yeasts

A

Single celled fungi that reproduce by budding (looks similar to bacterial binary fission)

45
Q

Exoenzymes

A

Enzymes released by fungi into surroundings which break down molecules to be absorbed

46
Q

Mycorrhizae

A

Intimate association Fungi have with most plants (without fungi, these plant species wouldn’t grow well)

47
Q

5 Ways Fungi are essential to the environment

A

-many symbiotic relationships (mycorrhizae)
-recycle nutrients
-digest non-living organic material
-secretion of a range of exoenzymes
-animal welfare (ie. penicillin)

48
Q

Mycosis

A

Disease caused by fungi (especially in immunocompromised patients)

49
Q

Three ways Fungi cause disease

A
  1. Invasive pathogen
  2. Producing a toxin that is ingested / absorbed
  3. Producing a hypersensitivity or an allergy

Example: Aspergillus

50
Q

Dermatophytes

A

Fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails

Can be:
-geophillic
-zoophilic
-anthropophilic

51
Q

Dermatophytes are part of the phylum

A

Ascomycota

52
Q

Malassezia pachydermatis

A

Most common cause of otitis externa and dermatitis

53
Q

SQ Mycoses

A

Fungal infections beneath the skin
Example: Sporotrichosis

54
Q

2 Types of fruiting bodies + example of each

A

-spores are not contained (Aspergillus)
-sporangiospores are contained in sporangium (Mucor)

55
Q

Sporangium contains

A

Sporangiospores

VETS1060: Animal & Vet Biology - In Semester Exam (8 decks)

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