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Geography Paper 1 > G1 - The Challenge of Natural Hazards > Flashcards

G1 - The Challenge of Natural Hazards Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Natural Hazard?

A

An extreme event that causes loss of life, severe damage to property or severe disruption to human activities

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2
Q

What types of impact can a natural hazard be?

A

Social, economic or environmental

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3
Q

Where are natural hazards more severe?

A

LICs

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4
Q

Why are natural hazards more severe in LICs?

A

Poor housing
Poor healthcare
Poor infrastructure
Less money to protect people

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5
Q

How many large plates does the earth have?

A

7

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6
Q

How do convection currents occur?

A

Magma is heated by core and rises to crust - cools and sinks - friction causes plates to be dragged forward or backwards

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of crustal plates?

A

Oceanic and Continental

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8
Q

What is a plate margin?

A

Where two or more plates meet at a plate boundary

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9
Q

What are Constructive Plate Margins?

A

Where the plates pull away from each other

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10
Q

What are Destructive Plate Margins?

A

Where the plates collide - denser plate sub-ducts below the less dense continental plate

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11
Q

What are Conservative Plate Margins?

A

Plates move in opposite directions to each other – edges stick together and cause friction

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12
Q

Why do people live in high-risk areas?

A

Near friends and family
Have a job there
Fertile soils - farmers

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13
Q

What are the 3 P’s for locations close to earthquake and volcano zones?

A

Plan/predict
Protect
Prepare

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14
Q

What is the focus of an earthquake?

A

Point below surface where earthquake takes place

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15
Q

What is the epicentre of an earthquake?

A

The location on the surface directly above the focus

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16
Q

What are Seismic Waves?

A

Shock waves that travel through rock to the surface

17
Q

What does a Seismogram do?

A

Measure shaking in the rock

18
Q

What are aftershocks?

A

Smaller tremors in the days after an earthquake

19
Q

What does the Richter scale measure?

A

Energy released by earthquake

20
Q

What is Pyroclastic Flow?

A

A torrent of hot ash, rocks, gases and steam moving at up to 450 mph

21
Q

What is a Lahar?

A

60 mph mudslide of melted snow and volcanic ash

22
Q

What is an ‘active volcano’

A

A volcano that has erupted recently

23
Q

What is a ‘dormant volcano’

A

A currently inactive volcano that might erupt in the future

24
Q

What is an ‘extinct volcano’

A

A volcano that has not erupted for thousands of years

25
Q

What is Atmospheric circulation?

A

The movement of air around the earth in cells

26
Q

When do the Northern hemisphere experience Tropical Storms?

A

Between June and November

27
Q

When do the Southern hemisphere experience Tropical Storms?

A

Between November and April

28
Q

Where do you call Tropical Storms Cyclones?

A

Indian Ocean
Near Australia

29
Q

Where do you call Tropical Storms Hurricanes?

A

Atlantic Ocean
Carribbean
Pacific (Near North and South America)

30
Q

Where do you call Tropical Storms Typhoons?

A

Pacific (Near Asia)

31
Q

Where do Tropical Storms form?

A

Between 5(degrees) and 20(degrees) North and South of the equator.
Over warm ocean water (26-27C)

32
Q

What does the Coriolis effect cause?

A

Low-pressure systems to spin anti-clockwise in N Hemisphere and Clockwise in the S Hemisphere

33
Q

What type of climate does the UK have?

A

Temperate

34
Q

What are the natural climate change causes?

A

Orbital Changes
Volcanic Activity
Solar Output

35
Q

What are the human climate change causes?

A

Fossil fuels
Agriculture
Deforestation
Methane release

36
Q

What is Mitigation?

A

Cutting Greenhouse gas emissions

37
Q

What is Carbon Capture?

A

Removes Carbon from the atmosphere and stores it underground

Geography Paper 1 (1 decks)

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