Gastrointestinal

Question 1

What is the most common and life threatening A/E of Cytotec (Misoprostol)

Answer 1

Most common: diarrhea and ab pain
LT: Will produce cervical softening and uterine contraction. (Spontaneous abortion)
DO NOT GIVE TO PREGNANT WOMEN!

Question 2

What life style changes are important for pt with GERD or ulcers?

Answer 2

• Elevating head of bed
• Avoid fatty and acidic foods
• Eating smaller meals 3 hours before bedtime
• No alcohol or tobacco
• Losing weight

Question 3

What is the difference between Histamine 1 & 2

Answer 3

• 1 is responsible for inflammation

- 2 is responsible for increasing acid secretion in stomach

Question 4

Bulk-forming laxative

Answer 4

-absorb water adding size to fecal mass, most commonly used

Question 5

Stool softener

Answer 5

-prevent constipation, in pt who undergo surgery

Question 6

Stimulant

Answer 6

-promote peristalsis by irritating bowel mucosa, more likely to cause diarrhea and cramping then bulk forming

Question 7

Saline cathartics

Answer 7

• osmotic laxatives; not absorbed in intestine, pull water in to create watery stool, produce bowel movement very quickly
• SHOULD NOT USE REGULARLY*

Question 8

Proton pump inhibitors

Answer 8

-inhibiting the proton pumps by not allowing the secretion of HCI
Drug: Protonix
-Used in pt with GERD
A/E: ab upset headache, dizziness
N/I: long term use may cause B12 deficiency, do not crush tabs, take on empty stomach

Question 9

H2 Blockers

Answer 9

-blocking histamine in the parietal cells
Drug: Cimetidine, Famotidine
-Used to treat GERD and ulcers
A/E: diarrhea, dizzyness, mental confusion
N/I: Do not take with antacids or coumarin products

Question 10

How do you administer Carafate (sucralfate)

Answer 10

• admin on empty stomach, 1 hr before or 2 hrs after meal or other meds
• Make sure you flush the NG tube or feeding tube before and after giving it,

Question 11

What causes constipation and how do you treat it?

Answer 11

-lack of exercise
-low fiber
-meds; opioids, anticholingergic, anacids
-low fluids
Treat: exercise, laxatives, increase fiber, high fluid

Question 12

Administering antacids and other meds

Answer 12

• Do not take within 2 hrs of other meds

- watch for electrolyte changes

Question 13

How do intrinsic factor and vitamin and B12 interact?

Answer 13

-Parietal cells secrete IF, which is essential for the absorption of vitamin B

Question 14

Compazine and EPS

Answer 14

-is an adverse effect of Antimetics becasue it blocks dopamine.

Question 15

EPS

Answer 15

-Extrapyramidal symptoms; symptoms that occur when neurological function is impaired. Tremor