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Other Systems > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

Absorbs water electrolytes and nutrients

A

Jejunum small intestine

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2
Q

Absorbed bile and intrinsic factors to be recycled

A

Ileum small intestines

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3
Q

Continues to absorb water and electrolytes, stores and eliminates undigested food as feces

A

Large intestine

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4
Q

Stores and releases bile into the duodenum to assist with digestion

A

Gallbladder

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5
Q

Bile is produced and is necessary for absorption of lipid soluble substances, assists with red blood cell and vitamin k production, regulates serum level of carbs proteins and fat

A

Liver

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6
Q

Exocrine secretes HCO3 and digestive enzymes into the duodenum; endocrine secretes insulin glucagon and other hormones into the blood to regulate serum glucose levels

A

Pancreas

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7
Q

Etiology of what disease includes weakness of the LES, intermittent relaxation of the LES, direct damage LES from nSAIDS alcohol infectious agents smoking and certain prescription meds

A

GERD

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8
Q

What side lying position optimal for GERD

A

Left side lying preferred since right side lying may promote acid flowing into esophagus

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9
Q

Etiology of what disorder includes bleeding from the gastric mucosa secondary to stress, NSAIDs, alcohol utilization, viral infection, or direct trauma

A

Erosive gastritis

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10
Q

This condition typically results from helicobacter pylori infection

A

Non-Erosive gastritis

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11
Q

Signs and symptoms of acute gastritis

A

Dyspepsia, Nausea, vomiting, and hematemesis. At times pt might be asymptomatic

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12
Q

With peptic ulcers what does and increase in Hr and a decrease in BP signify?

A

Bleeding

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13
Q

Mid thoracic pain radiating to the R upper quadrant and shoulder may signify?

A

Blood and acid within the peritoneal cavity secondary to perforated and bleeding ulcer

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14
Q

T/f Constipation is associated c numerous neuromuscular disorders

A

T

Ms, cva, spinal cord tumor, etc

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15
Q

What disorder occurs due to defects in the digestion and or inability of the intestinal mucosa to absorb the nutrients from digested food

A

Malabsorption syndrome- includes celiac, cf, addisons , aids, chrons, etc

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16
Q

These are symptoms of what disorder: weight loss, chronic diarrhea, anemia. Also fatigue, abdominal bloating, steatorrhea (oil covered stool), abdominal cramps, bone pain, gas

A

Malabsorption syndrome

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17
Q

PT implications for malabsorption syndrome

A

Risk of osteoporosis, fatigue, muscle cramps, and generalized swelling due to protein depletion

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18
Q

PT implications for IBS

A

Emphasize physical activity for proper BM and stress reduction so they can stop stressing and being a BITCH

19
Q

A viral condition affecting the liver and its function occurring from personal contact with someone that has the infection or through the fecal oral route

A

Hepatitis A HAV

20
Q

A viral condition affecting the liver and its function. Transmission occurs thought sharing needles, intercourse with infected person, exposure to an incredible persons blood or semen

A

Hepatitis B and C

hbv- 10% of cases progress to chronic hep
hcv- 50% of cases progress to chronic hep

21
Q

Etiology of this condition is usually alcoholism or hep c

A

Cirrosis

22
Q

These are signs and symptoms of what condition? Nausea, weakness, spider angiomas and weight loss, jaundice, edema in LE, ascites water accumulation in the abdomen secondary to decreased production of albumin in the liver

A

Cirrhosis

23
Q

What is the most common ideology of cholecystitis?

A

Gallstones (cholethiasis) that have been impacted within the cystic duct

24
Q

Gallstone ( cholelithiasis) develop from hypomobility of the gallbladder and

A

Supersaturation of the bile with c cholesterol or crystal formation from bilirubin salts

25
Q

What will a pt experience if a gallstone becomes lodged within the cystic duct

A

Severe r upper quadrant pain c muscle guarding, tenderness, and rebounding pain

Can also have radiating pain to inter-scapular region

26
Q

PT implication for a pt c cirrhosis

A

Avoid all activities that produce valsalva maneuver and provide adequate rest to maintain adequate circulation to liver

27
Q

Left upper quadrant pain POTENTIAL ETIOLOGIES

A 
Gastric ulcer
Perforated colon
Pneumonia
Spleen injury
Spleen rupture
Aortic aneurysm
28
Q

Right upper quadrant pain POTENTIAL ETIOLOGIES

A 
Hepatomegaly
Duodenal ulcer
Cholecystitis 
Pneumonia
Hepatitis 
Biliary stones
29
Q

Left lower quadrant pain POTENTIAL ETIOLOGIES

A 
Perforated colon 
Ileitis 
Sigmoid diverticulitis 
Kidney stone
Intestinal obstruction 
Urethral stone
30
Q

Right lower quadrant pain POTENTIAL ETIOLOGIES

A 
Kidney stone
Ureteral stone
Meckel diverticulum
Appendicitis
Cholecystitis 
Intestinal obstruction
31
Q

Pt with what may experience exercise limitations associated with heat intolerance

A

Hyperthyroidism

32
Q

These pts are at the greatest risk for becoming hyperglycemic and developing life threatening ketoacidosis

A

Pt with type 1 diabetes

33
Q

What should healthcare workers receive it exposed to blood or body fluids of an infected hepatitis person?

A

Immunoglobulin therapy immediately

34
Q

Adrenal dysfunction that produces excessive cortisol as well as a moon shaped face and a buffalo hump

A

Cushing’s syndrome

35
Q

Primary hypogonadism that presents with a deficiency of testosterone secondary to a failure of the testes to respond to follicle stimulating and Luteinizing hormones

A

Klinefelters syndrome

36
Q

Autosomal recessive inherited trait that produces a defect in the body’s ability to metabolize copper allowing it accumulate in the brain and other tissues

A

Wilson’s disease

37
Q

Autoimmune disease that produces thyroid hypersecretion resulting in heat intolerance, tremor, weight loss, and nervousness

A

Graves’ disease

38
Q

Metabolic bone disease characterized by heightened osteoclasts activity resulting in excessive bone formation that lacks true structural integrity

A

Paget’s disease

39
Q

Renal failure is a possible etiology of

A

metabolic acidosis

40
Q

Continuous vomiting is a possible etiology of

A

Metabolic alkalosis

41
Q

Treatment of metabolic acidosis

A

Sodium bicarbonate

42
Q

Treatment of metabolic alkalosis

A

Potassium chloride

43
Q

What is a malignant cancer originating from connective tissues such as fat cartilage bone or muscle

A

Sarcoma

44
Q

Neutralizes acid in food from the stomach and mixes pancreatic and biliary secretions with food

A

Duodenum small intestines

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