Gaze

Question 1

Explain gazing

Answer 1

looking, but with preconceived notions

Question 2

Name the four main features of the classic realist text as defined by Colin McCabe

Answer 2

• hierarchy of discourses
• promotion of relationships of identification
• closed narrative
• passive reader

Question 3

Explain Laura Mulvey’s concept of the male gaze

Answer 3

• representation (film) through male gaze
• scopophilia draws us in
• female is gazed upon
• sexualised gaze
• (illusion of) power over subject of gaze
• identification of viewer with male gazer
• (illusion of) power of male over female
• 3D representation of male
• fragmented, 2D representation of female

Criticism:

• heteronormativity!
• heterosexual male Gaze
• isolated, but film is communal, social activity

Question 4

Explain scopophilia

Answer 4

sexual pleasure derived from looking / watching

Question 5

Explain the difference between theocentric logic and anthropocentric logic

Answer 5

theocentric:
- religious perspective
- religious element depicted larger

anthropocentric:

• people as powerful individuals
• mathematical perspective
• closest element depicted larger
• renaissance / humanism

Question 6

Explain Michel Foucault’s concept of the Panopticon

Answer 6

• round prison built with cells circling central prison guard station
• possibility / suggestion of being watched regulates behaviour
• not the watching itself is the goal, the effect of being watched is the goal
• internalises Gaze of authority
• other examples: camera’s, sunglasses, surveillance signs, social media use
• trap of visibility

Question 7

Explain John Urry’s Tourist Gaze

Answer 7

• search for authenticity
• constructed authenticity!
• collective gaze as proof of authenticity

Romantic Gaze

• individual experience
• isolated, nature
• illusion of non-disturbance
• illusion of partaking

Collective Gaze

• joined experience
• presence of masses confirms importance
• central, urban
• invasive

Question 8

Explain the way Gaze is present in movies

Answer 8

• voyeuristic Gaze
• unrestricted in space & time
• illusion of control, power

Question 9

Explain the significance of identification

Answer 9

when identifying with the viewer in a movie, we break down the separation between ourselves as viewer and the viewer in the movie
> illusion of transferal of power

Question 10

Explain the difference between ‘Gazes’ and ‘Glances’

Answer 10

John Ellis (1982):
Gaze: cinema > focussed, longer
Glance: tv, at home, within household routines > short, quick

Question 11

Name Laura Mulvey’s main ideas related to the Gaze

Answer 11

• scopophilia

- male Gaze

Question 12

Name Michel Foucault’s main ideas with regard to the Gaze

Answer 12

• Panopticon

- Gaze of authority

Question 13

Name John Urrey’s main ideas with regard to the Gaze

Answer 13

• Tourist Gaze

Question 14

Name the features of mass tourism as discussed by John Urrey

Answer 14

• separation from work
• movement
• different from home / work environment
• social activity
• anticipation of pleasure / experiences
• sensitivity to visual > reproduction!
• signs, concepts
• tourist professionals

Question 15

Explain the connection between the Gaze and constructions of subjectivity, as per Fuery

Answer 15

• Gaze is not simply the mechanism of perception
• Gaze is fundamental structure in ways in which the subject relates to cultural order
• subjectivity formed through mechanisms of the Gaze