Gen

Question 1

Autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 1

At or above T6 SC injury level

Question 2

Development 5 primary vesicles of brain

Answer 2

Telencephalon- cortex
Diencephalon - thalamus, BG, hippocampus, amygdala
Mesencephalon - Midbrain
Metencephalon - pons and cerebellum
Myelencehalon - medulla, SC

Question 3

Cavernous malformation

Answer 3

CCM1 - genetic mutation

Question 4

Pilocytic vs anaplastic astrocytoma

Answer 4

Pilocytic - cystic mass in cerebellum, supratentorium

Question 5

Lateral temporal vs medial temporal seizures

Answer 5

Lateral - shorter, auditory hallucinations, vertigo
Vs medial

Question 6

Most susceptible to hypoxia

Answer 6

CA1 hippocampus

Question 7

Ach

Answer 7

Preganglionic, parasympatheic postganglionic is ACh
Sympathetic sweat glands - ACh

Question 8

Cystathione beta synthase deficiency

Answer 8

Homocystinuria
Clots

Question 9

Aphemia
Amusia

Answer 9

Aphemia - Pure word mutisms, anarthria but comprehensive reading and writing intact

Amusia - nondom temporal - can’t process music

Question 10

NF

Answer 10

NF 1 - cafe au lait, Lisce nodules, optic glioma

NF 2 - BL schwanommas/hearing loss; adulthood

Question 11

Fatal familial insomnia

Answer 11

N2 loss sleep architecture
Inherited prion disease
Reduction in total sleep

Question 12

Kluver busy

Answer 12

T2 hyperintensity BL anterior temp lobe HSV encephalitis association

Question 13

osmotic demyelination

Answer 13

trident/snout sign

Question 14

insomnia drugs MOA

Answer 14

Ramelteon - melatonin R agonist
Zolpidem - GABAergic
Trazodone - 5-HT2 antagonist

Suvorexant - inhibits Orexin R - suppresses wakefulness promoted by Orexin -

Orexin,( hypocretin)-narcolepsy type 1 + cataplexy- no orexin, low orexin in CSF (autoimmune attacking orexin neurons)

(Modafinil - blocks DA transport, neurostimulant)