gen peds

Question 1

causes of conjugated neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

Answer 1

Biliary/duodenal atresia, sepsis, TORCH infections (toxo, rubella, CMV, HSV), metabolic/IEM

Question 2

Causes of hyperbilirubinemia by temporal pattern

Answer 2

<24hrs: HEMOLYSIS (abo, Rh incompat), congenital infxn inc TORCH, excessive bruising from birth trauma, acquired infxn.

2-3d: Physiologic (breastfeeding jaundice) most common

3-7d: Acquired infxn, congenital decrease in glucuronly transferase (Crigler Najjar, gilbert), congenital infections (syph/toxo/cmv)

> 7d: Breast milk (most common), acquired infection, atresia, hepatitis, RBC membrane defects or enzyme defects (e.g. G6PD), hemolysis secondary drugs, endocrine (e.g. low T4), metabolic (galactosemia, fructosemia)

Question 3

Summary of causes of neonatal jaundice (general)

Answer 3

1) Physiologic (breastfeeding)
2) Breast milk
3) Hemolysis: ABO or Rh incom, RBC enzyme/membrane defects
4) Infection: TORCH, sepsis, any acquired
5) Trauma: bruising, cephalohematoma, etc
6) Atresia: duodenal, biliary
7) Reduced glucuronly transferase: gilbert, crigler najjar

Question 4

Normal Peds HR (awake)

Answer 4

Neonates: 100-200
Infants 100-180
Toddlers 100-140
Preschooler 80-120
School age: 75-120
Adolescent 60-100 

(LLN 100 until preschool)

Question 5

Normal Peds RR

Answer 5

Infant 30-53
Toddler 22-37
Preschooler 20-28
School age 18-25