Gene Expression

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

A sequence of bases which codes for a specific protein

Question 2

Order of DNA bases

Answer 2

Determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein coded for

Question 3

Order of amino acids

Answer 3

Joined together in polypeptide chains determine the structure, shape, function of the protein produced

Question 4

Gene expression

Answer 4

The process by which instructions from DNA are used to make gene products

Question 5

Gene expression stages

Answer 5

Stage 1- Transcription - copying of the DNA code in nucleus and carrying it to a ribosome
Stage 2- Translation - using the CODE to make a protein in a ribosome

Question 6

RNA

Answer 6

Single stand of RNA nucleotides

Question 7

RNA nucleotides

Answer 7

Contain a ribose sugar, a phosphate and a base (Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine or Guanine)

Question 8

mRNA

Answer 8

Carries a copy of DNA code for specific protein from the nucleus to the ribosome

Question 9

mRNA codons

Answer 9

Each triplet of bases on the mRNA molecule is called a codon for a specific amino acid

Question 10

tRNA

Answer 10

A molecule of RNA with 2 sites
1) contains an anticodon
2) contains an attachment site for a specific amino acid

Question 11

tRNA codon

Answer 11

A triplet of bases on tRNA molecule that is complementary to the triplet of bases on mRNA molecule

Question 12

rRNA

Answer 12

Ribosomes are formed from ribosomal RNA and proteins

Question 13

Stage 1 in transcription

Answer 13

RNA polymearse enzyme moves to the specific section of DNA and unwinds and the DNA double helix breaking the hydrogen bonds between bases

Question 14

Stage 2 in transcription

Answer 14

RNA nucleotides pair with complementary DNA bases pairs forming a primary transcript of mRNA

Question 15

Stage 3 in transcription

Answer 15

RNA splicing forms a mature mRNA transcript by removing introns and retaining exons

Question 16

Introns

Answer 16

Non-coding regions of DNA removed in RNA splicing

Question 17

Exons

Answer 17

Coding regions of DNA retained in RNA splicing to make the mature transcript of mRNA

Question 18

Mature transcript of mRNA

Answer 18

Moves from the nucleus through the cytoplasm to a ribosome to participate n Stage 2 - translation

Question 19

Stage 1 in translation

Answer 19

Begins with a start codon and ends with a stop codon

Question 20

Stage 2 in translation

Answer 20

tRNA anticodons bind to mRNA codons by complementary base paring translating the genetic code into a sequence of amino acids

Question 21

Stage 3 in translation

Answer 21

Peptide bonds join the amino acids together

Question 22

Stage 4 in translation

Answer 22

Each tRNA then leaves the ribosome as the polypeptide is formed

Question 23

3D shape of a protein

Answer 23

Polypeptide chains fold to form the 3-dimensional shape of a protein held together nu hydrogen bonds and other interactions between individual amino acids.
Proteins have a large variety of shapes which determines their functions

Question 24

One gene, many proteins

Answer 24

Different proteins can be expressed from one gene as a result of alternative RNA splicing
Different mature mRNA transcripts are produced from the same primary transcript depending on which exons are retained