Gene Mutation Flashcards
The two types of gene mutation (s&d)
Substitution and deletion
What is replaced in substitution of bases
A nucleotide in a DNA molecule
DNA bases that code for amino acids (c,g,t,a)
Cytosine
Guanine
Thymine
Adenine
How does substitution affect DNA
Can code for a different amino acid
How would substitution stop DNA from functioning in terms of enzymes
Substrate wouldn’t fit the active site
What would happen if the substitution coded for the same amino acid
Nothing, no change in polypeptide
How would deletion alter the DNA
All nucleotides would move into a different triplet so the amino acid sequence would completely change
Name of a change in a whole sets of chromosomes
Polyploidy
Changes in number of individual chromosomes
Non-disjunction
How does hybridisation cause gamete change in wheat
Diploid rather than haploid
What does cytosine pair with
Guanine
What does adenine pair with
Thymine (uracil in RNA)
