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Chemistry SAAT > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

At what layer i the atmoshpere is the ozone layer located

A

stratosphere

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2
Q

How many carbon + oxgyen atoms are in the molecule of the ozone layer

A

one carbon and three oxygen

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3
Q

What causes the Thinning of the ozone layer

A

The use of CFS (chlorofluro carbons) in fridges

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4
Q

what are the two types of researches, and their causes

A

1.pURE rESEARCH: for no reason, only to gain knowledge
2.Applied Research: for solving a specific problem

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5
Q

What the measure of the amount of matter

A

mass

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6
Q

What are the four types of matter

A
  1. Solid:
    - fixed volume
    - fixed shape
    - tightly packed
    -2. Liquid
  2. Gas
  3. Plasma: ionized gas
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7
Q

What are examples of chemical changes

A

rust of iron

loss of a silver’s luster

burning wood

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8
Q

what are the three types of physical changes in exothermic molecules?

A
  1. Freezing: Liquid to Solid
  2. condensation: vapor to liquid
  3. percipitation
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9
Q

What is DEPOSITION

A

gas –> solid (without going through the liquid stage

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10
Q

What is combustion

A

Oxygen combines with a substance and produces energy in the form of heat and energy

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11
Q

What the difference between synthesis and decomposition

A

Synthesis is when two substances combine together to produce a single product

Decomposition is when a compound breaks down to produce two subtances

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12
Q

What are the two types of replacement?

A

Single replacement: its when atoms of one element in a compund replaces atoms of another element in the same compunds
A+BX –> AX+B
zn + NiCl2 –> ZnCl2 + Ni
Double replacement: its the exchange of ion between two distinct compund
AX+BY –> AY+BX
ZnOH + NiCl –> ZnCl +NiOH

Page 2 in PDF file

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13
Q

What is the mole ration ?

A

**Mole Ratio **: the ratio between the number of moles of any two substances in a balanced equation

https://youtu.be/4q2elWPfB6A

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14
Q

What the law of MOLES

A

Molar mass(g/mol) = Mass(g)/Moles(mol)

https://youtu.be/4q2elWPfB6A

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15
Q

Philospher’s ideas and theories about the atom:

A

Democritus:
1. matter is composed of atoms that moves thru empty spave
2. atoms are solid, homogenus, indestructible and invisible
3. atoms are different in sizes and shapes
4. the size, shape, and movement of the atom determines its properties
Aristotle:
1. Empty space does not exist
2. Matter is made o earth, fire, air, and water
Dalton
1. all matter is composed of extremely small atoms
2. invisible and indestructible
3. *the atoms of a single element are identical in all properties *
4. *atoms in an element are different from atoms in another element
5. different element can combine in simple, integer ratios to form compounds *
6. atoms can be separated, rearranged or combined in chem reactions

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16
Q

By who and how were electrons discovered?

A

By Thompson through his cathode-ray tube experiment

17
Q

Sum of Thompson’s atom model(pudding model):

A

Thomspon: Atoms are a shpere made of uniformly distributed positive charges in which neatively charged electrons((9.11x10*-28) are embedded

18
Q

What is the unit/numer used to indicate the relaive energy and size of an atomic orbital?

A

The Principal Quantum Number(n)

19
Q

Describe the secondary energy levels, total capacity and number of orbitals of energy levels n1-n4

A

n1 sl= s tc=2 no.orbits: 1
n2 sl=p tc= 6 no.orbits: 3
n3 sl=d tc=10 no.orbits: 5
n4 sl =f tc= 14 no.orbits: 7

1s =2
2s 2p = 2+6 =8
3s 3p 3d = 2+6+10 =18
4s 4p 4d 4f =2+6+10+14 =32

page 4 in PDF file

https://youtu.be/NIwcDnFjj98

20
Q

Aufbau Prnincle states:

A

Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbital first, and then move on to occupy the rest

https://youtu.be/SvlDqyV5lXQ

21
Q

Pauli Exclusion Principle

A

a maximum of two electrons going in opposite direction can occupy a single atomic orbital

https://youtu.be/bdfir8uT06Q

22
Q

Hund’s Rule

A

single electrons with the same spin must occupy equal-energy before addition of electrons with opposite spin in the same orbital

https://youtu.be/SoNIQjW5Zxs

23
Q

What determines the reactivity of an atom?

A

The number of valence electrons(electrons on the outermost level of the atom; furthest from nucleus, weakest bond, fastest to react to surrondings)

24
Q

What is the Lewis Dot Dtructure?

A

I t represnents the valance electron sublevels in an atom using a systemof symbols of dots

25
Q

What are the two exception in the electronic configuration rule

A

Cu: Copper
Cr: Chromium

26
Q

What dissociates the sunlight?

A
  • glass
  • prism
  • water molecules

Chemistry SAAT (7 decks)

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