general

Question 1

What needs to be considered in creatinine interpretation?

Answer 1

Muscle mass

Question 2

What increase in creatinine represents a 50% drop in eGFR

Answer 2

Doubling

Question 3

Trimethoprim increases creatinine but not eGFR because?

Answer 3

Directly inhibiting creatinine excretion

Question 4

High bilirubin causes?

Answer 4

Abnormally low serum creatinine

Question 5

Urea is affected by?

Answer 5

High protein meal, corticosteroids

Question 6

Urea is increased by?

Answer 6

High protein meal, corticosteroids, ccf, GIT bleeding

Question 7

Urea is decreased by?

Answer 7

Muscle wasting, protein malnutrition, cirrhosis

Question 8

Creatinine is decreased by?

Answer 8

Muscle wasting, cirrhosis

Question 9

Positive leukocyte esterase on UA represents?

Answer 9

3 white cells per high powered field

Question 10

Normal urine has how many red cells per high powered field?

Answer 10

3

Question 11

Strict vegetarians have a high or low pH urine

Answer 11

High

Question 12

Which bacteria split urea?

Answer 12

Proteus and certain psuedomonas species

Question 13

Glucose starts being excreted at what bsl

Answer 13

10 (in normal people)

Question 14

Positive ketones means?

Answer 14

Starvation, dka, salicylate toxicity, isopropyl alcohol intoxication

Question 15

False positive red cell on dipstick?

Answer 15

Chloroquine, rifampicin

Question 16

What can cause interstitial nephritis?

Answer 16

Abx, NSAIDs, PPIs (all sterile pyuria and low grade proteinuria)

Question 17

What can cause sterile pyuria?

Answer 17

Kidney transplant rejection, interstitial nephritis, renal calculi

Question 18

Eosinophils in urine =

Answer 18

Rapidly progressive gn, infection, interstitial nephritis

Question 19

Red cells released from glomerulus are

Answer 19

Acanthocytes, red cell casts

Question 20

Hyaline casts are

Answer 20

Tamm-horsfall protein (made in loop of Henle). Dehydration with low flow rates

Question 21

Granular casts mean

Answer 21

An insult to the nepron

Question 22

White cell casts are found in

Answer 22

Interstitial nephrits, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis

Question 23

Calcium oxalate crystals are?

Answer 23

Envelope shaped. Most commen

Question 24

Uric acid crystals are soluble in

Answer 24

Alkaline urine

Question 25

Struvite crystals imply?

Answer 25

Chronic infection

Question 26

Normal 24 h urine protein?

Answer 26

Less than 300mg (this is very generous)