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BMS107 > General Content > Flashcards

General Content Flashcards

1
Q

3 Structural functional relationships

A

SA, SA:V, elastic recoil

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2
Q

Substances that move across membranes

A

Molecules, solvents, fluids, gasses and heat

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3
Q

Things that stop flow

A

Increasing membrane thickness, reducing available transport proteins, decreasing tube radius and piloerection

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4
Q

Types of energy gradient

A

Heat, chemical and electrical

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5
Q

4 groups of tissues

A

Epithelium, connective, nervous and muscular

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6
Q

Types of Epithelium (5)

A

Protective, transport, exchange, secretory and cilliated

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7
Q

Protective epithelium

A

Lines organs/surfaces/cavities. Can be keratinised and stratified.

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8
Q

Transport epithelium

A

selective exchange of products, large SA. ie. villi and microvilli

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9
Q

Exchange epithelium

A

Movement of gasses across surface, poreous and flatterened.

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10
Q

Ciliated epithelium

A

Epithelia with cilia on apical surface. Cilia designed for fluid movement across surface, cilia able to produce beating action to move substances.

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11
Q

Secretory epithelium

A

Glands that secrete substances, cuboidal cells

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12
Q

4 components of homeostasis

A
  1. Regulator variable (thing that changes), 2. Sensor, 3. Control centre, 4. Effector
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13
Q

3 Homeostatic control pathways

A
  • Extrinsic reflex feedback loop (pos neg FB loops), local control feedback loop and feedforward control
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14
Q

Extrinsic reflex feedback loop

A

Pos/neg feedback loops, maintiain body within a range of tolerance. require external control centre

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15
Q

Instrinsic local control

A

doesnt require an external control centre, control of localised disruptions

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16
Q

Feedforward control

A

Anticipatory pathway that initiates a loop prior to change/

17
Q

4 functions of cell membrane

A

isolation of cell, structural support, communication and regulation of exchange.

18
Q

Membrane proteins

A

Integral proteins (channels, embedded through membrane, disruptive to remove from bilayer) and peripheral proteins (attached loosely, enzymes)

19
Q

Membrane lipids

A

Phospholipids (phospholipid bilayer, hydrophobic head and hydrophyllic head), and cholestrols (increases membrane flexibility)

20
Q

Membrane protein functions

A

Structural, control cell movement, enzymes, receptors, cell to cell communication

21
Q

Simple vs Facilitated diffusion

A

Simple, doesn’t require protein transport, moves lipid soluble molecules. Facilitated diffusion move ions and lipid insoluble molecules. Using channels (permanent hole) and carriers (binds to molecule and flips to change what side of membrane carrier is open to)

22
Q

Types of membrane carriers

A

Uniport- one molecule/direction, antiport- 2 molecules/direction, symport- 2 molecules/1 direction

23
Q

2 Types of active transport

A

Primary- Uses energy from ATP hydrolysis

Secondary- Uses energy generated from the concentration gradient of another molecule. Symports and antiports.

24
Q

4 Types of cell communication

A

direct cell signalling, paracrine, neural and endocrine

25
Q

2 Types of direct cell signalling

A

Gap Junction- Membrane proteins link, ion move directly from one cell to another
Contact-dependant- Membrane proteins on surface are in contact with each other, binding alters cellular function

26
Q

Strength of chemical signal impacted by

A

Concentration of cellular messenger, number of receptors on target cell, strength of chemical-receptor bond

27
Q

3 Signalling receptor types

A

Channel-linked receptor, Enzyme-linked receptor and G-protein linked receptor.

28
Q

Paracrine messaging

A

Between close cells, ligand diffuses to target cell

29
Q

Structural-functional relationships

A

Type and property of secretory cell and target cells, distance between, molecular proeprties, number of receptors

30
Q

Endocrine signalling

A

Hormones released by cells to travel through blood stream to distant target cells

31
Q

Hydrophyllic hormone action

A

Hormone is dissolved in plasma, cannot cross cell membrane, activates secondary messenger within the cell, binds to receptors on membrane

32
Q

Lipophyllic hormone action

A

Not dissolved in the plasma, bound to a carrier protein for movement. Can cross cell membrane

33
Q

Factors determining how long hormones are active for

A

Half life of the hormone, rate of degredation of the hormone, duration of secretion (concentration of the hormone)

34
Q

Triggers for hormone release

A

Neural or Humeral via secretory epithelium

35
Q

Modes of hormone release

A

Episodic- One release
Circadian- Timed releases that are controlled by bodies internal clock
Pulsatile- perioidic bursts

36
Q

Interactions between hormones

A

Antagonism- One hormone decreases another
Additive_ hormones working together to produce a combined effect
Synergism- Hormones working together to produce an enhanced effect
Permissiveness- One hormone is required for another hormone to work

BMS107 (2 decks)

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