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Boards Part II and III (Irene Gold) > General Diagnosis- Boards Part II (Chiro Essentials and NBS Notes) > Flashcards

General Diagnosis- Boards Part II (Chiro Essentials and NBS Notes) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the significance of absent breath sounds?

A

Pleural Effusion and Pneumothorax

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2
Q

Absence of nail bed angle or Schamroth space, indicates what?

A

Clubbing

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3
Q

What significance is asking about “Age”?

A

DJD= Older Patients
Middle Age= Disc Issues
Young Adults= Sprain/Strain

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4
Q

What significance does “Gender” tell you?

A 
Females= Osteoporosis and more common to have SLE/RA
Males= Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)  and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
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5
Q

What conditions may obesity contribute to?

A

DJD, Diabetes and Hypertension

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6
Q

Potential Diagnosis for Taller Patients?

A

Marfan’s, Klinefelter’s and/or Giantism

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7
Q

What is the significance of “Ethical Background”?

A

Africans= Sickle Cell Anemia

Ashkenazi Jews= Tay Sachs disease

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8
Q

Classification of “Onset”

A

Acute: 6 months

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of injury for a rear end collision?

A

Whiplash

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of injury for a facet problem?

A

Rotation and Extension

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11
Q

What movements make a disc lesion worse?

A

Flexion

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12
Q

During a facet problem what movements make the condition worse?

A

Lateral bending and Extension

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13
Q

What is determined when there is a decrease with rest AND also no relief with rest?

A

Decrease in pain with rest= Sprain/Strain

No Decrease in pain at rest= Bone Cancer

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14
Q

If there is no decrease in pain from NSAID’s (previous care), this could tell you ______________? (2)

A

Potential of some bone tumors

Psychological

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15
Q

What does the “Quality” of pain tell you? (2)

A

Burning Pain= Radiculopathy

Deep Dull Ache= Muscular or Bone Pathology

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16
Q

“Radiation” of pain is significant for what? (3)

A

Dermatomes=Radiculopathy
Loin to Groin= Kidney Stones
Chest to Left Arm= Myocardial Infarction

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17
Q

What is possible if patient states has “Pain worse at night”? (2)

A

Bone Cancer

Osteomyelitis

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18
Q

What is a possible side effect of both Lipitor and Diuretics?

A 
Lipitor= Muscle Aches
Diuretics= Muscle Cramps
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19
Q

What is a possible condition linked to immunizations?

A

Guillian-Barre Syndrome

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20
Q

What are common “Occupational” hazards? (3)

A

Sex Workers= HIV/Aids
Asbestosis= Mesothelioma
Miners= Silicosis

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21
Q

What regions of the body can be effected by “Tobacco Use”?

A

Lung, Bladder, Esophagus

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22
Q

What are three common conditions to effect “Sleep”?

A

Bone Cancer
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Diabetes

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23
Q

What conditions are indicated by the following concerns:
Unexplained Weight Loss:_________
Fever:_________
Fatigue:________

A

Unexplained Weight Loss: Cancer
Fever: Osteomyelitsis
Fatigue: Depression

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24
Q

If a patient has a recurrent infection, they may have______?

A

Multiple Myeloma (MM) or HIV/AIDS

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25
Q

If a patient has bowel/ bladder control issues, potential for what condition?

A

Cauda Equina Syndrome

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26
Q

What does Blood in the stool indicate?

What does clay colored stool indicate?

A

Blood- Colon Cancer

Clay color- Pancreatic Cancer

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27
Q

When conducting a ROS of the Respiratory system, what does blood in the sputum possible indicate?

A

Lung Cancer or Tuberculosis

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28
Q

What three potential diagnosis can be determined by recurrent sore throats?

A

HIV/AIDS
Multiple Myeloma (MM)
Leukemia

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29
Q

During a ROS of the Genitourinary system what can be determined by dysuria and vaginal discharge?

A

Dysuria= Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Vaginal Discharge= Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

30
Q

When performing a ROS on the integumentary system what does the following physical conditions relate to: (3)
Silvery Plaques
Butterfly Rash
Red Shin Bumps

A

Silvery Plaques- Psoriasis
Butterfly Rash-Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE)
Red Shin Bumps- Sarcoidosis

31
Q

What is one condition where you should be very cautious of adjusting the cervical spine?

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

32
Q

What is significant when there is chest pain, that has in increase in the trunk with movement?

A

Cause is musculoskeletal

33
Q

During a Hematological ROS, what do the following signs help to determine: (3)
Fatigue
Swollen Lymph Nodes
Bleeding

A

Fatigue: Leukemia
Swollen Lymph Nodes: Lymphoma
Bleeding: Leukemia

34
Q

What two musculoskeletal conditions should be thought of when a patient complains of multiple aches/pain?

A

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Fibromyalgia

35
Q

When carrying out a endocrine ROS what conditions/disease should be thought of when a patient complains of: (2)
Muscle Cramps
Heat Intolerance

A

Muscle Cramps: Hypoparathyroidism

Heat Intolerance: Hyperthyroidism

36
Q 
At what level should you call emergency services, when looking at a patient's vital signs? (4)
Blood Pressure
Respiration Rate
Temperature 
Pulse
A

Blood Pressure: Greater than 90/60
Respiration Rate: Greater than 28/min.
Temperature: Above 102 F
Pulse: Greater than 120/min

37
Q

What may cause the body to have a higher than normal temperature? (4)

A 
Fever Greater than 99.5 F
Drug Reaction
Infection
Heat Stroke
Lymphoma
38
Q 
What are the adult "Normal Ranges" for the following: (4)
Temperature
Pulse
Respiration Rate
Blood Pressure
A

Temperature: 98.4-99.5 F
Pulse: 60-100/Min
Respiration Rate: 14-20 Breaths/Min
Blood Pressure:140-90/90-60 with less than 10 mm Hg difference between arms

39
Q

What may cause Tachycardia (More than 100 beats per min)? (5) (Pulse)

A 
Drug Reaction
Fever
Panic Disorder
Hyperthyroidism
Severe Anemia
40
Q

What three things may cause Bradycardia (Less than 60 beats per min)? (Pulse)

A

Hypothyroidism
Athlete’s Heart Syndrome
Raised Intracranial Pressure

41
Q

What are potential causes of Tachypena (More than 20 breaths/min)? (Respiration Rate) (7)

A 
Asthma
Lung Infection
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Emphysema
Sarcoidosis
Panic Disorder
42
Q

What are two causes of Bradypnea (Less than 14 breaths per min.)? (Respiration Rate)

A

Drug Reaction

Brain Stem Compression

43
Q

When is a patient considered to have Hypertension?

A

After 3 reading of a BP of greater than 14/90

44
Q

What is normal pulse pressure?

A

A difference of 30-40 mm Hg

Systolic BP- Diastolic BP

45
Q

What are some causes of elevated Blood Pressure? (7)

A 
White Coat "Hypertension"
Hypertension
Cushing's Syndrome
Conn's Disease (Primary Aldosteronism)
Unilateral Renal Artery Stenosis 
Hyperthyroidism 
Pheochromocytoma (Tumor of Adrenal Medulla)
46
Q

What are four causes of low Blood Pressure?

A

Maybe Normal for Patient
Shock
Depression
Addison’s Disease

47
Q

What is a normal finding when performing Weber’s Test?

A

Air Conduction is twice as long as Bone Conduction

48
Q

If Air Conduction and Bone Conduction are both decreased in one ear, what is significant?

A

Nerve Conduction Deafness

49
Q

If the finding is that Bone Conduction is greater than Air Conduction during Rinne’s Test, what should be determined?

A

Serous Otitis Media

50
Q

What is the significance of bilateral pupils dilating?

A

Cocaine
Barbiturate
Amphetamine Abuse

51
Q

What does it indicate if the patient has bilateral pinpoint pupils?

A

Heroin use

52
Q

If a patient has the finding of bilateral swollen optic discs (papilledema), what are two possible conditions to think about?

A

Raised Intracranial Pressure

Brain Tumor

53
Q

What does blue sclera in an infant with many fractures indicate?

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

54
Q

What is the significant disorder to be thought of when a patient presents with blurred margins of the macula or pigmentation?

A

Macular Degeneration

55
Q

What are the classic findings for Hypertensive Retinopathy?

A

Copper or silver wiring of retinal arterioles

56
Q

What disease has a finding of a cupped optic disc?

A

Chronic Glaucoma

57
Q

What does the finding of Marcroglossia (Enlarged Tongue) indicate?

A

Hypothyroidism in Infants

58
Q

In what two conditions would you expect to see Exopthalmosis?

A

Hyperthyroidism

Orbital Tumor

59
Q

What are finding of Diabetic Retinopathy?

A

Flame Hemorrhages and Dots (Micro aneurysms)

60
Q

If a patient has a foul purulent unilateral nasal discharge what may they have?

A

Sinusitis

Foreign Body in the noes

61
Q

What condition does a patient present with if they have a goiter with brittle dry coarse hair?

A

Myxedema (Hypothyroidism)

62
Q

How could you determine if a patient had Grave’s disease?

A

Goiter with Exopthalmosis

Tachycardia

63
Q

What is a finding for Hyperlipidema?

A

Grey ring around the cornea (Arcus Senilis)

64
Q

What condition does a child have if the head is enlarged and the fontanels are not closed?

A

Hydrocephalus

65
Q

What condition has a positive finding of a “Lid Lag”?

A

Hyperthyroidism

66
Q

What two conditions would have an absent red pupil light reflex?

A

Cataract

Neuroblastoma

67
Q

What two disorders may have a positive finding of the lateral one third of the eyebrow missing?

A

Hypothyroidism

Leprosy

68
Q

If a patient has a mass at the midline of the neck that moves with the tongue, what may the patient have?

A

Thyroglossal Cyst

69
Q

A patient presents with a midline bony mass in the hard palate, what may the patient have?

A

Torus Palatinus

70
Q

What condition is suspected if the patient presents with mucopurulent discharge of the ear?

A

Otitis Media

71
Q

A patient who has abused cocaine may have what possible finding?

A

Nasal Septum Perforation

Boards Part II and III (Irene Gold) (12 decks)

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