General Surgery Flashcards
Hernia
Definition
the abnormal protrusion of a vicus or part of a viscus through a defect in the wall of the cavity that contains it
Hernia
Types
Inguinal Femoral Paraumbilical Umbilical Incisional Spigelian Diaphragmatic Obturator Lumbar
Hernia - Spigelian
protrusion around the rectus below the arcuate line
Hernia - Irreducible
can’t be returned to the (peritoneal) cavity
Hernia - Strangulated
tight neck impairing vascular supply –> necrosis
Hernia - Richter’s
bowel wall but not full thickness of lumen contained within hernia
therefore may strangulate without bowel obstruction
Hernia - indirect inguinal congenital
patent embryological processus vaginalus
passes through deep then superficial ring
Hernia - direct
passes through Hesselbach’s triangle medial to the inferior epigastric
may pass through superficial ring but does not pass through deep ring
acquired
von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
phaeochromocytomas
retinal haemangioblastomas
clear-cell renal carcinomas
pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
Meckel’s Diverticulum
congenital embryological remnant of omphalomesenteric duct = gastric-type mucosa
2 feet proximal to ileocaecal junction
2 inches long
2% population
diagnose by Tc99 scan
Fistula - Definition
An abnormal communication between two epithelial surfaces
Sinus - Definition
A granulating tract leading from a source of infection to a surface
Goodsall’s law
Anal fistulae which open posterior to the meridian are usually midline within the anal lumen
Fistula which are anterior travel straight and open directly
