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Microbiology > Generalities > Flashcards

Generalities Flashcards

0
Q

Naked RNA that causes blotching in fruits

A

Viroids

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1
Q

Generation Time

A

18 mins

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2
Q

Mobile genetic elements

A

Transposons

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3
Q

DNA replication followed by insertion of new copy into another site

A

Replicative transposition

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4
Q

DNA is excised from the site without replicating and then inserted into a new site

A

Direct transposition

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5
Q

Representative prokaryote

A

Escherichia coli

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6
Q

Creutzfeld Jacob disease would present with _ symptoms while Kuru would present with _ symptoms.

A

Cortical

Cerebellar

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7
Q

Hereditary prion disease

A

Fatal familial insomnia

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8
Q

Rigid wall containing peptidoglycan

Rigid wall containing chitin

A

Bacteria

Fungi

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9
Q

Absent mitochrondria

A

Viruses

Bacteria

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10
Q

Nucleic acid is either DNA or RNA

A

Viruses

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11
Q

Binary fission

A

Bacteria

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12
Q

Most common cause of conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus

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13
Q

Inhibit mitotic growth

A

Antimicrobial

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14
Q

Natural antimicrobial

A

Antibitotic

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15
Q

Smallest bacteria

A

Mycoplasma

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16
Q

Largest bacteria

A

Thiomargarita namibiensis

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17
Q

Largest medically important bacteria

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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18
Q

All bacteria have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan except for

A

Mycoplasma

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19
Q

Presence of teichoic acids in cell wall

A

Gram positive

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20
Q

Presence of lipopolysaccharide/endotoxin and periplasmic space

A

Gram negative

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21
Q

All gram positive bacteria have NO endotoxin except

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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22
Q

Gram Staining

Primary stain

A

Crystal violet

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23
Q

Gram Staining

Mordant

A

Iodine

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24
Q

Gram Staining

Decolorizing agent

A

Acetone

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25
Q

Gram Staining

Safranin

A

Counterstain

26
Q

Representative fungi

A

Sacchamoryces cerevisae

27
Q

Representative plant

A

Arabidopsis thaliana

28
Q

Representative nematode

Aging and senescence studies

A

Caenorhabdipis elegans

29
Q

Representative insect

A

Drosophila melanogaster

30
Q

Representative mammal

A

Mus musculus

31
Q

Acid fast stain

A

Mycobacteria

Too much lipid in cell wall

32
Q

Spirochetes

A

Dark field microscopy

Too thin to see

33
Q

Mycoplasma

A

Serologies

No cell wall

34
Q

Legionella

A

Silver stain

Poor uptake of red counterstain

35
Q

Inclusion bodies

A

Chlamydiae

Intracellular

36
Q

Rickettsiae

A

Giemsa stain

Intracellular

37
Q

Invagination of plasma membrane to increase surface area

Participates in cell division and secretion

A

Mesosome

38
Q

Space between plasma membrane and outer membrane containing hydrolytic enzymes including B lactamases

A

Periplasm

39
Q

Essential bacterial components

A 
Cell wall
Cytoplasmic membrane
Ribosome
Nucleoid
Mesososome
Periplasm
40
Q

Non essential bacterial components

A 
Pilus or fimbriae
Glycocalyx
Flagellum
Spore
Plasmid
Granule
41
Q

Glycoprotein for attachment and conjugation

A

Pilus or fimbriae

42
Q

Spore is composed of

A

Dipicolinic acid

43
Q

Genes for antibiotic resistance and toxins

A

Plasmid

44
Q

Sites of nutrients in cytoplasm

A

Granule

45
Q

All bacterial capsules are composed of polysaccharide except for

A

Bacillus anthracis

Polypeptide of D glutamate

46
Q

Spores formed by gram positive rods especially

A

Bacillus and clostridium

47
Q

Bacterial growth curve
Zero growth rate
Constant growth rate
Negative growth rate

A

1 Lag phase 3 Max stationary phase
2 Log phase
4 Death phase

48
Q

Completely dependent on oxygen for ATP generation

A 
Obligate aerobes
Nocardia
Neisseria
Pseudomonas
Mycobacteria M pneumoniae
Bordetella Brucella B cereus
Legionella
49
Q

Uses fermentation but can tolerate low amounts of oxygen due to superoxide dismutase

A 
Microaerophiles
Treponema
Campylobacter
Borrelia
Helicobacter
50
Q

Utilize oxygen if it is present but can use fermentation in its absence

A 
Facultative anaerobes
Corynebacterium
Staphylococcus 
Mycoplasma 
Eschericia coli
Bacillus anthracis
Listeria
51
Q

Exclusively anaerobic but insensitive to presence of oxygen

A

Aerotolerant anaerobes
Propionibacterium
Lactobacillus

52
Q

Cannot grow in the presence of oxygen

A

Obligate anaerobes
Actinomyces
Bacteroides
Clostridium

53
Q

Movement of genes from inactive to active sites of transcription

A

Programmed rearrangements
Relapsing fever caused by Borrelia recurrentis
Antigenic variation

54
Q

DNA transfer between bacterial cells

A

Conjugation
Transduction
Transformation

55
Q

Two types of transduction

A

Lytic extracellular

Lysogenic intracellular

56
Q

Griffith’s experiment proved the principle of

A

Transformation

57
Q

Normal flora of the skin

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

58
Q

Normal flora of the nose

A

Staphylococcus aureus

59
Q

Normal flora of the mouth

A

Streptococcus viridans

60
Q

Dental plaque

A

Streptococcus mutans

61
Q

Normal flora of the colon

A

Bacteroides

Escherichia coli

62
Q

Normal flora of the vagina

A

Lactobacillus vaginalis
Escherichia coli
Streptococcus agalactiae

63
Q

Counterpart of mitochondria in bacterial cell

A

Cell membrane

Microbiology (5 decks)

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