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Test 3 > Genetic > Flashcards

Genetic Flashcards

1
Q

Alleles

A

Alternative forms of a gene

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2
Q

Genotype

A

What alleles are present (Aa; AA)

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3
Q

Phenotype

A

What alleles we see (Purple flower color)

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4
Q

Homozygous

A

Pure breeding

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5
Q

Heterozygous

A

Contains 2 different alleles

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6
Q

Gene

A

a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

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7
Q

DNA structure

A

Nucleic Acid (polymer)
(Phosphate, NCB, 5CS)
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

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8
Q

DNA function

A

Info contained in sequence of nucleotide sequences

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9
Q

What scientists identified the double helix

A

Watson & Crick

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10
Q

What is the monomer of DNA

A

Nucleotides

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11
Q

What are DNAs bases

A

A —> T

C —> G

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12
Q

3 types of RNA

A

Ribosomal (RNA)
messenger (MRNA)
Transfer (TRNA)

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13
Q

How does RNA differ from DNA

A

Single strand
Uracil for base ; instead of T
Travels

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14
Q

Genetic code

A

nucleotide sequence of DNA & then MRNA corresponds to the amino acid sequence of a protein

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15
Q

RNA structure

A

Single strand

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16
Q

RNA bases

A

A —> U

C —> G

17
Q

Protein synthesis

A
  • Transcription: messenger comes to make a copy of the gene. MRNA leaves the nucleus and travels to ribosome to be translated
  • Translation:Transfer RNA reads the MRNA that sits on ribosome and transfers the correct amino acid to ribosome
  • Amino acids are linked to form a polypeptide chain (protein)
18
Q

Where does transcription take place

A

Nucleus

19
Q

Where does translation take place?

A

Cytoplasm

20
Q

RNA monomer

A

Nucleotides

21
Q

Mendels principles of segregation

A

Segregation of 2 alleles in a parental cell end up in the gamete through meiosis

22
Q

Mendels principle of incomplete assortment

A

Genes located on different chromosomes are inherited independently of each other

23
Q

Incomplete dominance alleles and genotypes

A

2 alleles; 3 genotypes

24
Q

Co-dominance

A

alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed (blood type AB)

25
Q

Environments effects on genotype

A

Visible differences in identical twins (sun; smoking)

26
Q

Sex linked traits

A

When allele is attached to the sex chromosome; 23rd pair

27
Q

Autosomes

A

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; 22 of 23 chromosomes

28
Q

Polygenic traits

A

Determined by more than one gene. (Height, skin color, eye color)

29
Q

DNA can be altered by UV, chemical, radiation. Give an example

A

Color of flower is PH dependent

Test 3 (4 decks)

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