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Genes and Behavior: Exam 1 > Genetic Code > Flashcards

Genetic Code Flashcards

1
Q

what type of structure does DNA have?

A

twisted double helix

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2
Q

what are DNA’s nitrogenous bases?

A

A T C G

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3
Q

what are these base pairings called?

A

complementary base pairing
AT, TA, CG, GC

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4
Q

what is the top of the base pairing sequence?

A

(5’), always has phosphate attached

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5
Q

what is the bottom of the base pairing sequence?

A

(3’)

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6
Q

when is the sequence downstream?

A

when it is moving towards the bottom (3’)

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7
Q

when is the sequence upstream?

A

when it is moving towards the top (5’)

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8
Q

what is mitosis?

A

the process by which a single parent cell divides to make two new daughter cells
(replication)

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9
Q

what separates the bases during mitosis?

A

enzymes
( when it ends in -ase, it is an enzyme)

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10
Q

what is a chromosome?

A

a thread-like structure made up of DNA

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11
Q

what is the physical unit of genetic inheritance?

A

chromosome

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12
Q

how many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46
(23 pairs)

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13
Q

what is the 23rd pair of chromosomes?

A

sex chromosomes

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14
Q

what is RNA?

A

a nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA

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15
Q

what are the bases of RNA?

A

A C G U

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16
Q

what does RNA use that DNA doesn’t?

A

(U) uracil to replace (T) thymine

17
Q

what are the complementary base pairs of RNA?

A

AU, UA, GC, CG

18
Q

DNA -> RNA base pairings?

A

AU, TA, CG, GC

19
Q

what type of structure is RNA?

A

single stranded

20
Q

what are all the different types of RNA?

A

mRNA- messenger RNA
tRNA- transfer RNA

21
Q

book of life analogy for the genetic code?

A

a sentence in our language is a series of words (codons) that gives a sequence of amino acids

22
Q

what is a codon?

A

a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
ex: GUU, UUA, GGU

Genes and Behavior: Exam 1 (4 decks)

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