Genetics

Question 1

Genes

Answer 1

• Segment of DNA
  directs synthesis of protein
  
  • Located in chromosomes
    not every gene expressed in every cell

Question 2

Genome

Answer 2

Sum of all DNA
Genome has lots of non coding DNA

Question 3

Genetic code

Answer 3

Set of rules that translate nucleotide sequences into amino acid sequence (guanine, adenine, thymine, cytosine)

Question 4

What is based on codons

Answer 4

Genetic code

Question 5

What is 3 nucleotides?

Answer 5

Codon

Question 6

Each codon specific for

Answer 6

one amino acid

Question 7

human gene count

Answer 7

humans 20k genes 98% nonecoding

Question 8

How can the genetic code be defined?

Answer 8

universal

Question 9

Mendel

Answer 9

• Created genetics field

Crossed tall and short peas
Offspring in F1 gen were tall
Offspring in F2 ratio of 3 tall to one short

Question 10

what ideas did mendel regect

Answer 10

• Reject ideas of blending inheritance
  
  • Reject idea of genetic material being fluid that mixes

Question 11

Monohybrid cross

Answer 11

Parents differ in alleles for one gene

Question 12

Dihybrid cross

Answer 12

Parents differ in alleles for 2 genes

Question 13

Law of independent assortment

Answer 13

Two traits are passed to offspring independently of eachother

Question 14

Law of independent assortment does not

Answer 14

always apply

Question 15

Environment can modify

Answer 15

gene expression

Question 16

Dominance may also

Answer 16

be incomplete

Question 17

Many traits are determined by

Answer 17

more than one gene

Question 18

Many traits that are important in agriculture and forestry are

Answer 18

quantitative

Question 19

Genetic breakthrough timeline

Answer 19

1858 - Darwin
- Theory of evolution
1866 - Mendel
- Work published-peas and shit
1953 - Watson and Crick
- DNA model
1961 - Nirenberg
- Cracks genetic code
2003 -
- Human genome sequenced

Question 20

Traditional breeding

Answer 20

○ Accelerated evolution guided by humans rather than nature

Question 21

Transgenic plants

Answer 21

○ Produced by inserting genes from another organism in plants
○ Increase resistance etc.

Question 22

Gene banks

Answer 22

• preserve agricultural diversity
  
  • Form of dried seeds frozen plant parts

Question 23

gene bank example

Answer 23

KEW Gardens - millennium seed bank prodect

Question 24

quantitative traits

Answer 24

• Show continuous rather than discrete variation *
  -Are determined by several genes
• Are influenced by environment