Genetics

Question 1

What is Genetics?

Answer 1

It is the study of the ways in which hereditary information is passed from parents of offspring.

Question 2

Parents and Offspring share the same similarity of what?

Answer 2

Traits and Characteristics

Question 3

From Generation to generation there will be slight difference in what, in the traits?

Answer 3

Varieties

Question 4

What is hereditary information carried by?

Answer 4

Genes

Question 5

What specific location is the genes found along?

Answer 5

Chromosomes

Question 6

When a different variety or forms of gene controlling a certain trait is called what?

Answer 6

Alleles

Question 7

Where are Alleles found?

Answer 7

At the same locations on homologous chromosomes pairs.

Question 8

What is Homozygous?

Answer 8

Alleles for a certain trait are the same.

Question 9

What is Heterozygous (also know as Hybrid)?

Answer 9

Alleles for a certain trait are the different.

Question 10

Alleles are separated during what process?

Answer 10

Meiosis (aka segregation)

Question 11

Alleles recombine during what process?

Answer 11

Fertilization (aka recombination)

Question 12

What happens to the alleles when meiosis is happening?

Answer 12

The alleles are separated independently of one another.

Question 13

What does the “principal of dominance” state?

Answer 13

That some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.

Question 14

The allele for a trait that always appears when the allele is present is called what?

Answer 14

Dominant Allele or Dominant Trait

Question 15

The allele for a trait that is always hidden when the dominant allele is present is called what?

Answer 15

Recessive Allele or Recessive Trait

Question 16

A capital letter is used for which trait/allele?

Answer 16

Dominant Allele or Dominant Trait

Question 17

A lowercase letter is used for which trait/allele?

Answer 17

Recessive Allele or Dominant Trait

Question 18

What is the genetic make-up of an organism called?

Answer 18

Its genotype

Question 19

How does the genotype represent?

Answer 19

Using letters

Question 20

What is the physical trait that an organism develops as a result of its genotype?

Answer 20

Phenotype

Question 21

A genotype and phenotype that might result from a genetic cross can be predicted with a what?

Answer 21

Punnet Square

Question 22

What is Genetic Engineering?

Answer 22

It is the alteration of an organism’s genetic makeup in a way that benefits mankind.

Question 23

What is selective breeding?

Answer 23

Only the organisms with the most desirable traits are allowed to mate.

Question 24

What is it called when the crossing of 2 organisms to bring together the best traits of both organisms?

Answer 24

Hybridization

Question 25

What is inbreeding?

Answer 25

Mating of closely related individuals to maintain desired traits.

Question 26

What is an example of inbreeding?

Answer 26

Dogs

Question 27

Mutagens can be used to create what?

Answer 27

Polyploid

Question 28

DNA from one organism is cut into small pieces and inserted into the DNA of another organism is called what?

Answer 28

Gene Splicing

Question 29

What is called when the DNA is being cut at a specific location? Uses Special proteins.

Answer 29

Restriction Enzyme

Question 30

What does the RESTRICTED ENZYME do?

Answer 30

It cuts in a staggered fashion, leaving “sticky ends” capable of binding to other pieces of DNA cut by the same enzyme.

Question 31

What is it called when the DNA from 2 different species is joined together?

Answer 31

Recombined DNA

Question 32

What is it called when a cell takes in FOREIGN DNA from outside the cell, then incorporates and expresses the FOREIGN DNA?

Answer 32

Transformation

Question 33

What is the DNA ring shaped called?

Answer 33

Plasmids

Question 34

Where are plasmids inserted into?

Answer 34

Bacteria Cells