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Terminology > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

0
Q

Base pairs

A

Pairs of nucleotides AT or GC the bond the two strands of the DNA double helix

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1
Q

Genetics

A

The branch of biology dealing with genes, heredity and variation in living organisms

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2
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

Chromosomes that determine sex

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3
Q

Autosomes

A

Any chromosome other than sex chromosomes

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4
Q

Karyotype

A

A picture of chromosomes arranged in numerical order by size

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5
Q

Genes

A

Segments of DNA that contains specific sequences of nucleotides

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6
Q

Genetic map

A

A method of indicating the physical location of genes on chromosomes

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7
Q

Alleles

A

Variations of the same gene

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8
Q

Homozygous

A

Went two alleles are the same

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9
Q

Heterozygous

A

When to alleles are different

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10
Q

Genotype

A

The genes that an organism carries for a trait

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11
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical appearance that results from the combination of alleles in an organism

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12
Q

Dominant

A

An allele is expressed completely in the phenotype whenever it is present in the genotype

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13
Q

Recessive

A

And allele is suppressed by a dominant allele

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14
Q

Punnett square

A

A grid used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring

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15
Q

Genetic carrier

A

Heterozygous individuals in which a disease causing allele remains hidden

16
Q

The phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is intermediate between the phenotypes of the homozygous genotypes

A

Incomplete dominance

17
Q

The phenotype of the heterozygous genotype displays the phenotype of both homozygous genotypes

A

Codominance

18
Q

Inheritance in which the alleles are located on the sex chromosomes

A

Sex-linked inheritance

19
Q

Genes that when homozygous cause the fetus to die before birth

A

Lethal gene

20
Q

Influenced by multiple genes

A

Polygenic

21
Q

Absence of black pigment

A

Amelanistic

22
Q

Absence of red pigment

A

Anerythristic

23
Q

The crossing of two organisms that are both heterozygous for two particular traits

A

Dihybrid cross

24
Q

Filial generations
F1=first generation offspring
F2=second generation offspring

A

F1, F2

25
Q

Breeding of closely related individuals such as siblings or parent offspring

A

Invreeding

26
Q

Breeding that maintains relatedness to a particular ancestor of outstanding family

A

Linebreeding

27
Q

Breeding of unrelated animals

A

Outcrossing

28
Q

Reduction in quality by dilution of desirable traits

A

Outbreeding depression

29
Q

Improvement in quality by dilution of undesirable traits and/or by introducing new desirable traits

A

Hybrid vigor

Terminology (8 decks)

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