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From Flashcardlet > Genetics/Heredity-Unit 3 > Flashcards

Genetics/Heredity-Unit 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Blending inheritance

A

the pre-Mendelian concept that progeny resulted from a blending of the traits of two sexually reproducing parents, with consequent loss of genetic variation on which natural selection could act. Not supported by experimental data. Blending Inheritance was also considered by Darwin and his contemporaries as a means for explaining how traits were inherited

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1
Q

Pangenesis

A

A hypothesis supported to some degree by Darwin to explain the hereditary process, involving the passage into the gametes of a gemmule from each part of the body, conveying information about the exact nature of that body part. Not supported by experimental data

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2
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

Father of genetics
Worked with pea plants
Originally a monk

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3
Q

Gene

A

Carries generation from one to the next and it determines your traits

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4
Q

Locus

A

Location of a gene of a chromosome

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5
Q

Allele

A

Alternate version of a gene

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6
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup

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7
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical manifestation of a trait

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8
Q

Dominance

A

Expressed in the heterozygote.

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9
Q

Recessive

A

Not expressed in the heterozygote

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10
Q

Homozygous

A

A pair of Identical alleles for a character.
Dominant: BB
Recessive: bb

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11
Q

Heterozygous

A

Two different alleles for a character (Bb)

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12
Q

Punnett square

A

Determines how many options of alleles you can have (geno and pheno of future generations)

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13
Q

Monohybrid cross

A

A cross that tracks the inheritance of a single character

Bb/Bb

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14
Q

Dihybrid cross

A

Cross between f1 offspring that differ in 2 traits

Ex: BB/bb

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15
Q

Gene segregation

A

Paired genes separate during formation of gametes

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16
Q

Independent assortment of genes

A

Equal chance of distribution of gametes

Entirely independent on the distribution to other ones

17
Q

Gene linkage

A

The closer to the point of attachment the less likely to be separated

18
Q

Thomas hunt Morgan

A

Fruit flies

Formed the basis of modern genetics

19
Q

Fruit fly

A

Used to demonstrate that genes are carried on chromosomes and they are the basis of heredity.

20
Q

Sex linked traits

A

Genes carried by sex chromosomes. Carried by x or y.

21
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

blending inheritance resulting from neither allele masking the expression of the other allele

22
Q

Codominance

A

both alleles are expressed

23
Q

Abo blood type

A

A: homozygous dominant or null allele: IA IA or IAi
AB: universal recipient. IA IB
B: A: homozygous dominant or null allele: IB IB or IBi
O: universal blood type. Alleles are homozygous recessive. ii

24
Q

Epitasis

A

Interactions of one gene with other genes can mask the affect of other genes

25
Q

Pleiotropy

A

Genetic effect of a single gene on multiple phenotypic traits

26
Q

Environment

A

Interactions between genes and environment lead to phenotype

27
Q

Gene expression

A

If it’s dominant or recessive

28
Q

Fredrick Griffith

A

DNA is a transforming agent

Used mouse

29
Q

Oswald Avery

A

DNA is a transforming agent

DNA and RNA added to bacteria to see which one produced growth.

30
Q

Martha chase

A

DNA is the genetic material
Not recognized for doing work.
Infected ecoli with 2 types of bacteria to see if it passed the virus on.

31
Q

Alfred Hersey

A

DNA is genetic material

Infected ecoli with 2 types of bacteria to see if it passed the virus on

32
Q

Erwin chargaff

A
  1. Figured which nucleotides in DNA were paired together.
  2. The amount of nucleotides in DNA vary in different species
    * helped lead to the discovery of double helix
33
Q

Watson and crick

A

DNA guys

First to make model of helix

34
Q

Maurice Wilkins

A

Produced the first clear X-ray images of DNA. Worked with Watson and crick.

35
Q

Rosalind Franklin

A

Discovered DNAs double helix

36
Q

Human genome project

A

Intl. research project

Aimed to map nucleotides

37
Q

Transgenic organism

A

Addition of new genes or the suppression of existing genes.

38
Q

Transformation

A

Introduction of a new gene into a bacterium, fungus, plant, or animal by some mechanism. (i.e., bombardment, electroporation, virus- or bacteria-mediated gene transfer

39
Q

Genetically modified organism

A

Genes are modified

Flavor saver tomato

40
Q

DNA nucleotides

A

Adenine- thymine

Cytosine-guanine

41
Q

RNA nucleotides

A

Adenine-uracil

Cytosine-guanine

From Flashcardlet (18 decks)

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