Genomes, Chromosomes, DNA Structure Properties and Replication

Question 1

Flow of Genetic Information in Prokaryotes

Answer 1

DNA Polymerase -> DNA (Replication)

RNA Polymerase -> rRNA, mRNA, tRNA -> Protein (Transcription and Translatoin-coupled)

Question 2

Bacterial Genome

Answer 2

• SIngle circular double-stranded DNA
• Attached at one point to plasma membrane
• Not enclosed within an organelle

Question 3

Flow of Genetic Information in Retro-Viruses

Answer 3

RNA to dsDNA copy (using Reverse Transcriptase)
RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (occurs in cytoplasm)

dsDNA copy to Proviral DNA (occurs in Nucleus using integrase

ProViral DNA -> mRNA -> Protein

Question 4

P arm

Answer 4

Petite arm

Question 5

Q arm

Answer 5

Que arm

Question 6

Cell rich in tellomeres

Answer 6

Adult germ cells, tumor cells, fetal cells

Question 7

Telomeres have their own

Answer 7

RNA templates

Question 8

Prokaryotic rRNA subunits

Answer 8

Large: 50s (23s,5s)
Small: 30s (16s)

Question 9

Chargaffs’ Rules (DS DNA)

Answer 9

Purines=Pyrimidine

Question 10

Hypochromism

Answer 10

Single-stranded DNA absorbs light more effectively than ds-DNA

Question 11

When a base pair is added to DNA, what comes off

Answer 11

A pyrophosphate comes off

Question 12

Zidovudine (AZT)

Answer 12

• Inhibits reverse transcriptase.

* Minimal effect on nuclear polymerase, but inhibits mitochondrial DNA replication.