Geographhy - Unit 3 & 4

Question 1

What is birth rate?

Answer 1

Birth rate is the number of babies born alive for every 1000 people per year

Question 2

What is death rate?

Answer 2

Death rate is the number of people who die for every 1000 people in one year

Question 3

What is natural increase?

Answer 3

If you look at the difference between the birth and the death rates you can find out how much the population will change by
Natural increase = birth rate – death rate

Question 4

Densely Populated

Answer 4

large number of people living close together

Question 5

Population Distribution

Answer 5

The pattern of where people live

Question 6

Sparsely populated

Answer 6

small number of people spread over a large area

Question 7

Population density

Answer 7

The measurement/number of people living in a unit of area

Question 8

Why are things sparsely populated?

Answer 8

Lack of natural resources, extreme, hostile climate, extensive forests and woodlands, steep slopes, mountainous landscape, few jobs isolated area, no transport

Question 9

Why are things densely populated?

Answer 9

Flat land suitable for building, presence of natural resources such as coal and gas leads to job opportunities, cities providing opportunities for work, plentiful supplies of water, calmer climate/warm temperatures

Question 10

What would good healthcare in a country affect?

Answer 10

Death rate - less people would die

Question 11

What would war in a country affect?

Answer 11

Death rate - more people would die from the shots (higher death rates)

Question 12

What would a lack of clean water in a country affect?

Answer 12

Death rate - LICS can lead to diseases being more easily spread leading to cholera making more people die (higher death rates)

Question 13

What would a lack of food in a country affect?

Answer 13

Death rate - LICS can lead to a famine and people starving making more people die (higher death rates)

Question 14

What would women getting more jobs in a country affect?

Answer 14

Birth rate - HICs women will start to focus on their career instead of creating families which would lower the birth rate

Question 15

What would the costs of having a child in a country affect?

Answer 15

In many HICs, the cost of having a child is a lot, and therefore many couples may only be able to afford having one child, leading to a lower birth rate

Question 16

Why could there be such a large birthrate in LICs?

Answer 16

In many LICs, many couples have large families so that the children will look after them when they become older.

Question 17

What do you expect on a LIC population pyramid?

Answer 17

WIDE BASE
Large youthful population - High Birth Rate
NARROW TOP
Small elderly – low life expectancy/high death rate

Question 18

What do you expect on a HIC population pyramid?

Answer 18

NARROW BASE-
Small youthful population - low birth rate
WIDE TOP – large elderly/high life expectancy - Low death rate

Question 19

What is the one child policy?

Answer 19

Was introduced in 1979 to reduce the rate of population growth in China. Under the policy, each couple in China is only allowed to have one child.

Question 20

Reward for one child policy?

Answer 20

You would be given a house, pension and family income benefits, as well as free education and child care You would receive a 5-10% salary increase for only having one child

Question 21

Punishment for not following one child policy?

Answer 21

A 10% salary reduction was enforced
The granny police would keep an eye on you
A fine was imposed that would bankrupt most families

Question 22

Positives of one child policy?

Answer 22

The predicted famine (when food runs out) has been avoided
Strong grandparent/grand children relationships
400 million fewer people have been born –children known as ‘single family treasures’

Question 23

Negatives of one child policy?

Answer 23

Aging older population: 4 -2 -1 problem (one child looks after many older family members)
Women were forced to have abortions as late as 9 months
Women are placed under pressure from the ‘Granny Police’

Question 24

Where is the tropical rainforest biomes at?

Answer 24

The tropical rainforest biome is found mostly along the equator line
They are found between the tropic of Capricorn and Cancer
It is found in the continents of Asia, South America and central Africa

Question 25

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 25

An ecosystem is a group of plants and animals interacting with their environment

Question 26

What is a biome?

Answer 26

A biome is a large ecosystem such as a desert or tropical rainforest

Question 27

Where is the desert biomes at?

Answer 27

The desert biome is found mostly along the tropic of Capricorn and tropic and Cancer
They are found in Australia, North America and in parts of Asia
There are no desert climates found in the continents of Asia

Question 28

What is a rainforest?

Answer 28

A rainforest is an area of thick trees and vegetation with very high amount of rainfall, found in the tropics

Question 29

What is it like in a rainforest?

Answer 29

There are four layers to the rainforest.

Each layer has its own set of environmental conditions.

Each layer also has its own set of animals, plants, and insects that have adapted live there.

Question 30

What are the layers in a rainforest, start from the bottom

Answer 30

Ground / shrub layer (0, 5m), under canopy layer (5, 15m), canopy layer (15, 30m), emergent layer (30, 45m)

Question 31

Ground layer

Answer 31

It’s very dark down here.Few plants grow in this area.

Since hardly any sun reaches the forest floor things begin to decay quickly.

Insects, including termites, and centipedes live here along with the fungi, and use the leaf litter as a source of food.

Question 32

What are buttress roots?

Answer 32

Trees roots are found in the rainforest ground layer, and they have buttress roots like these above the ground.
They are wide and go for many metres on the surface to support the high, heavy trees and get nutrients from the top layer of soil.

Question 33

Under canopy layer

Answer 33

Little sunshine reaches this area so the plants have to grow larger leaves to get the sunlight as they are not tall!

There are some flowers and fruits that grow on the trunks of the trees.

Many animals live here including red-eyed tree frogs, snakes, parakeets, and clouded leopards.

Question 34

Lianas in the under canopy layer

Answer 34

If you look up at the canopy you will see many different plants that grow on other trees.
This liana is a snake like plant which use the large trees as a support to reach the canopy and the sunlight.

Question 35

The canopy layer

Answer 35

This is the main layer of the forest and forms a roof over the rainforest.
Most canopy trees have smooth, oval leaves that come to a point (drip tips).
Many animals live in this area since there is a lot of food such as flowers and fruits.
Those animals include: proboscis monkeys, orangutans, snakes and bats

Question 36

Drip tip leaves in the canopy Layer

Answer 36

When it rains in the rainforest it really rains. The canopy is like a big umbrella and reduces the force of the rain. Drip tip leaves help to stop the rain from damaging the leaves and direct it to where it is most needed – the roots.

Question 37

Emergent layer

Answer 37

The tallest trees are the emergents, towering as much as 50 metres above the forest floor with wide trunks.
Sunlight is plentiful up here. They are exposed to the greatest amount of wind and rain.
Animals found are eagles, hornbills, monkeys, bats, snakes, and butterflies.