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GCSE > Geography-Paper 1-Tundra > Flashcards

Geography-Paper 1-Tundra Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ratio of people employed for fishing?

A

1 in 10

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2
Q

How much does fishing add to the Alaskan economy each year?

A

$6 billion

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3
Q

It contains some of the largest _____ and _____ fisheries in the world

A

salmon, crab

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4
Q

What is the ratio of wealth from gold to the state’s mining?

A

One fifth

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5
Q

How many people visit Alaska every summer?

A

2 million

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6
Q

What type of job is provided because of tourism?

A

Tertiary

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7
Q

What is the season called when plants can grow as there is enough heat?

A

Thermal growing season

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8
Q

What is the term for when the watersoil and mud can run down slopes and collect at the bottom during the thermal growing season?

A

Solifluction

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9
Q

What is the process of thawing and freezing ground that can make ground becomes uneven and many marchy hollows or pools appear?

A

Thermokarst

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10
Q

What is the term when water in the soil freezes, it gets bigger and pushes stones and pebbles upward from the ground?

A

Frost heave

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11
Q

Where did Alaskan oil first mined?

A

Prudhoe Bay (North Alaska)

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12
Q

When did Alaskan oil first mined?

A

1977

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13
Q

How many barrels could be produced in the early day in Alaska?

A

2 millions

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14
Q

What is the pipeline called to transfer oil from Alaska?

A

Trans-Alaskan Pipeline

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15
Q

How long is the pipeline in Alaska?

A

800km

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16
Q

Where does the oil from Alaska transfer to?

A

The port of Valdez in the south

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17
Q

What does ANWR stand for?

A

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

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18
Q

What is the ground called when it is permanently frozen?

A

Permafrost

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19
Q

What is the ground called when the permafrost can melt in the thermal growing season?

A

Active layer

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20
Q

What plants grow in tundra?

A

Shrubs and mosses

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21
Q

What are the primary producers in Alaska?

A

Arctic willow, arctic lichen and caribou moss

22
Q

What are the primary consumers in Alaska?

A

Arctic hares, lemmings, caribou and the musk ox

23
Q

What are the top carnivores in the tundra?

A

Arctic foxes and wolves

24
Q

Many animals are _____ so are ___________ from pradator in Alaska

A

white, camouflaged

25
Q

How many layers do caribou and musk ox have?

A

Two

26
Q

Why do they have two layers?

A

One thick layer to insulate against the cold and another more waterproof

27
Q

What feature allows the animals in the tundra travel over soggy land in summer and break through ice to find water in the winter

A

Large hooves

28
Q

Why do the plants in the tundra have shallow root systems?

A

So plants don’t grow into the permafrost

29
Q

Why does the arctic poppy grow leaves very quickly?

A

to catch sunlight

30
Q

Why are the plants in the tundra small?

A

so they don’t get damaged by the strong winds

31
Q

Why do the plants in the tundra grow close together?

A

to trap pockets of heat between them

32
Q

What is ANWR?

A

It is a vast area of untouched wilderness and is the most biologically diverse Arctic region in the World

33
Q

How many acres in the ANWR are not protected by human?

A

1.5million

34
Q

How many jobs would be created by exploring for oil?

A

250,000-750,000

35
Q

More than how many percent of Alaskan’s support oil exploration in the ANWR

A

75%

36
Q

How many barrels of oil USA would get from ANWR?

A

9-16 billion

37
Q

What benefits USA from getting oil in ANWR

A

USA won’t need to get their energy from countries like Saudi Arabia

38
Q

What is the term of the removal of local cultures and traditions due to modernisation/ technology?

A

Cultural erosion

39
Q

How many gallons of oil spilled from the tanker the Exxon Valdez into a region of the Gulf of Alaska?

A

10 million

40
Q

What is the five organisation who are managing Alaska?

A
  1. International Whaling Commission
  2. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
  3. Greenpeace
  4. The Arctic Council
  5. The Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC)
41
Q

What did International Whaling Commission do?

A

They banned whale hunting in 1986 since many species were in decline. The number of Bowhead whales is now rising at 3% a year

42
Q

What did Arctic National Wildlife Refuge do?

A

Oil exploration and drilling has been banned in 12 million hectares of American Arctic to protect ecosystems there.

43
Q

What did Greenpeace do?

A

An NGO campaigning for a ban on oil drilling and commercial fishing in the Arctic, but people worry this would stop natives from using their natural resource.

44
Q

What did The Arctic Council do?

A

8 arctic countries meet up to discuss issues like melting ice, ocean acidification, climate change etc.

45
Q

What did The Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC) do?

A

Represents the interests of local Inuits. They act to protect their way of life e.g. the successful protest against the Pebble Mill gold mine in 2013.

46
Q

How technology can help the Arctic?

A

Use of the internet has connected isolated Arctic communities to the outside world, offering, health advice etc. that might otherwise be difficult to get. This is done via software like Skype.

47
Q

What is the company called that has worked with the Canadian government and what has it done?

A

Cisco, to teach remote Inuit schools by video from teachers in other schools?

48
Q

What is the term that means missing out a step of technology e.g. never having a landline phone but going straight to having mobile phones?

A

Leapfrogging technology

49
Q

What has University of Alaska offered?

A

many of its courses online

50
Q

What has Alaska Native Knowledge Network done?

A

created an online database to collect and preserve Inuit culture.

GCSE (31 decks)

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