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Geography > Geography - UK Physical Landscape: Rivers > Flashcards

Geography - UK Physical Landscape: Rivers Flashcards

1
Q

Source

A

The start of the river

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2
Q

Confluence

A

Point where two rivers join

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3
Q

Tributaries

A

Where the smaller river joins the main river

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4
Q

Watershed

A

Imaginary line which separate two drainage basins

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5
Q

Mouth

A

A river flows into the lake, sea or ocean

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6
Q

Upper course

A

Shallow

Slowest

V-shaped

Steepest

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7
Q

Middle course

A

Deeper

Faster

U-shaped

Flatter

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8
Q

Lower course

A

Deepest

Fastest

Open floodplain

Flattest

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9
Q

Erosion

A

Same four as coasts, only the processes act upon the river bank / bed

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10
Q

Transportation

A

Same four as coasts, but work from upper to lower course

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11
Q

Deposition

A

River will drop load when it loses energy

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12
Q

Human factors causing flooding

A

Deforestation

Urbanisation

Climate change

Storage reservoirs

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13
Q

Physical / Natural factors causing flooding

A

Relief of land

Prolonged or antecedent rainfall

Soil saturation

Climate change

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14
Q

Lag time (hydrograph)

A

How long it takes the river to fill up

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15
Q

Peak discharge (hydrograph)

A

Maximum discharge in the river

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16
Q

Rising limb (Hydrograph)

A

The rising flood water in the river

17
Q

Falling limb (hydrograph)

A

The falling flood water in the river

18
Q

Hard engineering

A

Dams - man made barriers holding out water

Channel straightening - when a meander is engineered to become straighter

Embankments - artificially raised river bank

Flood relief channel - artificially made channel designed to back a frequently flooding channel

19
Q

Dams - advantages

A

Environmental - turbines can be placed in dams

Economic - creates jobs when building

Social - attracts tourists

20
Q

Dams - disadvantages

A

Environmental - create earthquakes when building

Economic - expensive

Social - farmers homes are flooded

21
Q

Channel straightening - advantages

A

Environmental - flood risk is reduced

Economic - improve navigation and trade

Social - increase in homeowner confidence

22
Q

Channel straightening - disadvantages

A

Environmental - animals’ habitats are destroyed

Economic - expensive

Social - unnatractive

23
Q

Embankments - advantages

A

Environmental - lowered risks to settlements

Economic - cheapest solution

Social - provides walking routes

24
Q

Embankments - disadvantages

A

Environmental - water lies on land for a long time

Economic - high maintenance cost as repairs needed

Social - people cannot fish or boat in the river

25
Q

Flood relief channel - advantages

A

Environmental - removes risk of flooding

Economic - insurance costs are lower

Social - recreational area for boating and canoeing

26
Q

Flood relief channel - disadvantages

A

Environmental - home downstream suffer from flood

Economic - expensive

Social - people have to move

27
Q

Soft engineering

A

Flood plain zoning - restrictions preventing buildings on flood plains

Flood warnings - the environment agency warning people about flooding through media

Preparation - when buildings are modified to reduce damage

Planting trees - increases interception of water, increases lag time

River restoration - making the river natural by removing man-made leeves

28
Q

Flood plain zoning - advantages

A

Environmental - the impact of flooding is reduced

Economic - no buildings are damaged

29
Q

Flood plain zoning - disadvantages

A

Economic - expansion of urban areas is limited

Social - no help in areas already built on

30
Q

Flood warnings - advantages

A

Environmental - the impact of flooding is reduced

Social - warnings give time for people to move

31
Q

Flood warning - disadvantages

A

Environmental - does not stop the flood

Social - some may not have access to the media

32
Q

Preparation - advantages

A

Environmental - impact of flooding is reduced

Social - people won’t worry about the floods

33
Q

Preparation - disadvantages

A

Environmental - doesn’t guarantee safety

Economic - expensive to modify buildings

34
Q

Planting trees - advantages

A

Environmental - discharge and flood risk are reduced + provide habitats for wildlife

35
Q

Planting trees - disadvantages

A

Environmental - less land available for farming

36
Q

River restoration - advantages

A

Environmental - discharge is reduced, so less flooding

Economic - little maintenance

37
Q

River restoration - disadvantages

A

Environmental - local flood risk can increase

Geography (5 decks)

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