Geology #3

Question 1

Which type of seismic wave cannot move through liquids?

Answer 1

S wave

Question 2

What is liquefaction?

Answer 2

The melting of sedimentary material into a fluid

Question 3

The logarithmic scale that describes the strength of an earthquake is called the_____ scale.

Answer 3

Richter

Question 4

Earthquakes generally do not occur below 670 km in the mantle.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Love waves and Rayleigh waves are examples of:

Answer 5

Surface waves

Question 6

P-waves travel by compression-expansion.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

The San Andreas Fault is a_____ fault.

Answer 7

strike slip

Question 8

A _____ is a fracture in rock, along which movement has occurred.

Answer 8

fault

Question 9

Extensional/tensional stresses result in _____ faults.

Answer 9

normal

Question 10

_______ are the first waves to form after an earthquake.

Answer 10

P-waves

Question 11

Extensional/tensional stresses result in _____ faults, whereas compressional stresses result in ______ faults.

Answer 11

normal; reverse

Question 12

Shallower earthquakes tend to occur at _________, whereas deeper earthquakes occur at ______________.

Answer 12

Mid-ocean ridges; subduction zones

Question 13

A(n) _____ fault is a compressional fault in which the hanging wall moves upward relative to the foot wall.

Answer 13

Reverse

Question 14

This type of drainage pattern involves water preferentially flowing within cracks or joints in rock.

Answer 14

Rectangular

Question 15

Ephemeral rivers _______________.

Answer 15

Have flowing water either episodically or during a portion of the year

Question 16

The term discharge refers to the amount of water passing a point on a stream’s bank during a given unit of time.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Braided streams/rivers ____________.

Answer 17

consist of a series of intertwined channels that are overloaded with sediment

Question 18

The _____ is another name for a stream/river’s point of origin.

Answer 18

Headwater

Question 19

A meander that is cut off to become completely isolated from the main channel but that retains water is a(n) ____________.

Answer 19

Oxbow lake

Question 20

The hydrologic cycle does not include atmospheric processes.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Uplands (high topography areas) that separate adjacent drainage basins are called drainage divides.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

The intermittent leaping or bouncing of sediment grains off the bed of a stream/river is called:

Answer 22

Saltation

Question 23

Any recently deposited stream sediment is known as _____.

Answer 23

alluvium

Question 24

This type of drainage pattern occurs on the flanks of volcanoes.

Answer 24

Radial

Question 25

The replenishment of groundwater is called _____.

Answer 25

recharge

Question 26

Which will have a higher primary porosity?

Answer 26

a sandstone

Question 27

A continental ice sheet gouged out _____, which now makes up about 20% of the world’s surface freshwater.

Answer 27

The Great Lakes

Question 28

The water table generally follows land topography.

options:
True
False

Answer 28

true

Question 29

Valleys carved by glaciers tend to be shaped like the letter ____________, whereas valleys carved by water tend to shaped like the letter ____________.

Answer 29

“U”; “V”

Question 30

The region of the subsurface where water partially fills pores is called the _______ zone and the region where all pore space is filled with water is called the _______ zone.

Answer 30

phreatic zone; vadose zone

Question 31

The upper surfaces of glaciers have large crevasses due to brittle deformation of the ice as it moves.

options:
True
False

Answer 31

true

Question 32

When cirques form on several sides of a mountain, they often form a _____.

Answer 32

horn.

Question 33

An aquifer that intersects the surface and is in contact with the atmosphere is termed

Answer 33

Unconfined.

Question 34

In the glacial “ice budget,” a zone of snow accumulation is balanced by a zone of _____.

Answer 34

ablation.

Question 35

A _____ is a U-shaped glacial valley filled with seawater.

Answer 35

fjord

Question 36

The amount of open pore space in a rock is known as _____.

Answer 36

porosity

Question 37

A ridge of material that rides along the middle of a glacial ice stream is called a _____ moraine.

Answer 37

medial

Question 38

The rocks at the base of an advancing glacier leave parallel scratches in their substrate which are termed glacial _____.

Answer 38

striations

Question 39

Drawdown is defined as:

Answer 39

Decline in the water table in the vicinity of a well.

Question 40

A glacier will advance from its source area if the rate of ablation is greater than the rate of accumulation.

options:
True
False

Answer 40

false

Question 41

Examples of groundwater contaminants include

Answer 41

Metals

Microbes

Organics