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AQA GCSE History > Germany 1890-1945 > Flashcards

Germany 1890-1945 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Chancellor?

A

The Chief Minister

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2
Q

When did Germanys industrialisation happen?

A

The late 1800s

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3
Q

What also grew when Industrialisation grew?

A

Socialism

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4
Q

What did Kaiser Wilhelm introduce to expand the German Empire?

A

Navy Laws.

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5
Q

What were Navy Laws?

A

Money was sent to increase the size of the Navy

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6
Q

How did the start of WW1 go for Germany, and why?

A

Not too well, British ships stopped sending food into Germany leading to food and other shortages.

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7
Q

Why was Germany so politically unstable during WW1?

A

There was Mutiny and revolution all over Germany.

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8
Q

What was the Weimar Republic?

A

A representative democracy, which tried to give all German adults genuine power.

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9
Q

What were the weaknesses of the Weimar Republic?

A

Lots of different Political parties and therefore was difficult to get a majority.

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10
Q

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

A

A peace agreement that marked the end of WW1.

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11
Q

What did the Treaty of Versailles mean for Germany?

A

Punishments, instructions and orders for Germany to follow.

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12
Q

How did Germans reacts to the Treaty of Versailles?

A

They felt it was too harsh.

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13
Q

What was the impact of economic problems for Germany?

A

Hyperinflation meaning money was worthless, Germans blamed the government.

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14
Q

What were the difficulties Kaiser Wilhelm II faced while ruling Germany?

A

The growth of Parliamentary government, Industrialisation, Social reform and the growth of socialism.

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15
Q

What was the impact WW1 had on Germany?

A

Germany surrendered in 1918.
Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated the throne.
Industrial production reduced.
Huge gaps between living standards.

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16
Q

What was the Weimar democracy?

A

They set to write a new constitution, Their rules included: everyone over the age of 20 could vote, People voted MPs would sit in the Reichstag, and there would be a vote for the head of the Reichstag every 4 years.

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17
Q

What were the strengths of the weimar constitution?

A

It was a fair constitution.
State Governments would make sure local issues were addressed.
It wouldn’t allow one person to take over.

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18
Q

What were the weaknesses of the Weimar constitution?

A

Proportional representation meant that there were many different parties.
Article 48 could be abused by the President in a state or in an emergency.

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19
Q

Why did some not like the new Weimar government?

A

They did not trust them.
pay and working conditions were unchanged.
Some did not agree with governmental decisions such as the disbanding of the Freikorps.

20
Q

What was the original Nazi party called?

A

The German Workers party (GWP)

21
Q

Who was the Original leader of the Nazi party?

A

Anton Drexler.

22
Q

How did the SA help the Nazi party?

A

They beat up opponents, especially the communists.

23
Q

What was the Invasion of the Ruhr?

A

France and Belgium were angry they were not getting their reparation payments so they decided to invade the Ruhr in 1923.

24
Q

What was the Hyperinflation issue, and what happened?

A

Due to the Invasion of the Ruhr the German government stated to workers that they should go on strike by not working (passive resistance).

Although the German Government was still paying workers no money was coming in.

The Government then started printing more money which made money worthless.

25
Q

What were the Negatives of the economic problems?

A

People with bank savings lost their money.

Those with a fixed pension/income found their wages were low.

Many small businesses collapsed.

26
Q

What was a positive of the economic problems?

A

People who borrowed money found it easy to pay back.

27
Q

When was the Munich Putsch?

A

8th November 1923.

28
Q

Who initiated the Munich Putsch?

A

The Nazi party, Adolf Hitler.

29
Q

Why did the Nazis do the Munich Putsch?

A

They believed Democracy only lead to a weak government. Instead they wanted only one political party, with one leader.

30
Q

What was the Munich Putsch?

A

The Nazis planned to take over the Government and set up General Ludendoff as leader of Germany.

Hitler and his SA burst into a meeting where the leader of of Bavaria was speaking. They forced Kahr to support their plan.

31
Q

What was the outcome of The Munich Putsch?

A

It had not been properly planned, leaders of the putsch were arrested. And Hitler was imprisoned for five years.

The Nazis nearly fell apart without their leader.

32
Q

What was the impact of the Munich Putsch?

A

Hitler went on trial and this was the largest audience Hitler had ever had.
General Ludendorff was set free whereas Hitler was sent to prison.
In prison Hitler realised that he needed to take power legally rather than with force.
Hitler also wrote his book (Mein Kampf).

33
Q

Who was Stresemann ?

A

He was briefly Chancellor in 1923, but was made Germany’s Foreign minister from 1924 until his death in 1929.

34
Q

How did Stresemann resolve Hyperinflation?

A

Stopped printing more money and replaces it with a new currency the Reichsmark.

35
Q

How did Stresemann deal with the battle of the Ruhr?

A

He created the Dawes plan with America, America would loan Germany 800 Million Gold marks and created a schedule for Germany to pay back.

36
Q

How did Stresemann deal with Germanys weakness?

A

Signed the Locarno pact in 1925, it promised to never invade each other.
Signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact- no one was to go to war.
Got Germany to join the League of Nations.

37
Q

How did Stresemann help industries?

A

Used the Dawes plan to help rebuild Germany leading for more jobs for Germans.

38
Q

When was the Wall Street Crash?

A

1929.

39
Q

How did the Great Depression impact Germany?

A

Unemployment skyrocketed to 6 million by 1933.
People lost their homes and had to live on the streets.

40
Q

How did the Weimar Government deal with the Great Depression?

A

Very Poorly.

41
Q

How did the Nazis use the Great Depression to their advantage?

A

They advertised themselves as the party to solve all problems.
They used posters, meetings, radio broadcasts and the “Hitler over Germany” campaign.
The SA beat up opponents (Especially the Communists).
The Weimar Governments Inefficiency made people look for an alternative government.
NAZI VOTES ROSE.

Hindenburg made Hitler chancellor in January 1933.

42
Q

When was the Reichstag Fire?

A

27th of February 1933.

43
Q

What was the Reichstag Fire?

A

The Reichstag (the gov building) was burnt down in a fire.

44
Q

How did the Nazis use the Reichstag Fire to their advantage?

A

Hitler saw the fire as an opportunity to attack the communists.

45
Q

How did Hitler Blame the Communists for the Reichstag Fire?

A

Hitler used the SA to imprison and ban communist newspapers before the next election.
Therefore The Nazi party gained the majority seats.

46
Q
A

AQA GCSE History (3 decks)

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