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History - mainly Germany > Germany - 3.2.2 Youths in Nazi Germany > Flashcards

Germany - 3.2.2 Youths in Nazi Germany Flashcards

1
Q

What were young people encouraged to view Hitler as?

A

A father figure

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2
Q

Who were children told that their first loyalty was to?

A

Nazi Germany, not to their families

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3
Q

What were Hitler’s reasons for the policies for the Youth?

A
  • To create proud Germans who supported a strong, independent Germany
  • To make sure the next generation would be loyal supporters of the Nazi Party and to believe in Nazi policies
  • To help children be strong and healthy so they would in turn produce many children of their own
  • To prepare boys for their future lives as soldiers and workers
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4
Q

How many Nazi youth groups were there?

A

4

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5
Q

When did meetings and activities take place for the youth groups?

A

After school, at weekends, and in the holidays

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6
Q

Which youth group was for boys aged 10-14?

A

Young German Folk

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7
Q

Which youth group was for girls aged 10-14

A

Young Girls

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8
Q

Which youth group was for boys aged 14-18?

A

Hitler Youth

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9
Q

Which youth group was for girls aged 14-18?

A

League of German Maidens

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10
Q

What were the Nazi policies for children? (4)

A
  • In 1933, the Nazis banned nearly all groups for young people except Nazi ones
  • Young people were increasingly under pressure to join the groups and many did so
  • Those who did not fit with Nazi racial ideas - Jews or disabled children, for example - were not allowed to join
  • From March 1939, it was compulsory for all young people to join Nazi youth groups
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11
Q

How did Hitler prepare boys to be future soldiers and political leaders? (2)

A
  • Boys wore military uniforms and their activities focused on physical exercise and political indoctrination (teaching people to accept beliefs without questioning)
  • Such activity included sports, singing, shooting, learning military drills, and camping.
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12
Q

What are 6 examples of youth group activities for boys?

A
  • Shooting
  • Military drills
  • Signalling
  • Military-style camps
  • Helping the fire brigade during the war
  • Formed military brigades to defend Berlin in 1945
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13
Q

What are 5 examples of youth group activities for girls?

A
  • Cookery
  • Housework
  • Needlework and craft
  • Learning what to look for in a good husband
  • Learning about babies and childcare
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14
Q

How did Hitler prepare girls to be future mothers? (2)

A
  • Girls wore a uniform. Their activities focused on physical exercise and learning skills like cooking, which are usually associated with ‘homemakers’.
  • Girls did do sports and singing, as well as cleaning, cooking, and baking
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15
Q

Hitler hoped that German children would be _________ (love of one’s country) supporters of a strong Germany.

A

patriotic

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16
Q

What are 8 examples of youth group activities for boys and girls?

A
  • Hiking and camping
  • Learning about Hitler
  • Learning about racial superiority
  • Singing patriotic songs
  • Sport and competitions
  • Taking part in Nazi marches and rallies
  • Reporting people who made anti-nazi comments
  • Collecting for Winterhilfe (a charity)
17
Q

When was membership for youth groups made compulsory for children older than 10?

A

1936

18
Q

How did the Nazis have an impact on schools? (4)

A
  • Children had to attend state school until they were 14
  • There were separate schools for girls and boys
  • Optional schools after age 14: National Political Institutes and Adolf Hitler Schools
  • All schools followed a set curriculum - this was different for girls and boys
19
Q

How did the Nazis have an impact on teachers? (5)

A
  • It was compulsory for teachers to be Nazi Party members
  • Those who didn’t teach Nazi ideas were dismissed
  • Teachers’ camps taught them how to use Nazi ideas in their teaching
  • Nearly all teachers joined the Nazi Teachers’ League
  • Teachers were forced to attend courses to learn about Nazi ideas
20
Q

How did the Nazis have an impact on subjects? (4)

A
  • 15% of the time was spent on PE to ensure a healthy and strong population
  • Girls were taught domestic skills; boys were taught science and military skills
  • Both sexes were taught the traditional subjects: German, History, Geography and Maths
  • New subjects: Race Studies and Nazi Eugenics were taught to both sexes
21
Q

How did Nazi propaganda have an impact on education? (5)

A
  • All lessons began and ended with the Hitler salute
  • Nazi flags and posters decked classrooms
  • From 1935 all textbooks had to be approved by the Nazi Party
  • Traditional subjects were rewritten to glorify Germany, e.g. an emphasis on German writers and historical figures
  • Racial ideas and anti-Semitism were taught within subjects
22
Q

What were ‘race studies’?

A

Race studies involved learning how to classify racial groups and about the superiority of the Aryan race

23
Q

What were ‘Nazi Eugenics’?

A

Eugenics is using controlled breeding to attempt to produce the ‘perfect’ human being

24
Q

From what year did all textbooks have to be approved by the Nazis to make sure they fit the Nazi message?

A

1935

25
Q

How successful were the Nazi youth and education policies? (6)

A
  • Many young people did join Nazi youth groups before they were forced to in 1939. However, there were very few extra-curricular options if you weren’t in the Nazi Youth groups so this cannot be taken necessarily as evidence that they were very popular
  • Generally - and there were exceptions - young Germans were more loyal and enthusiastic about Nazism than their parents. Many parents resented the time their children spent with youth groups. They believed their children were being undermined by Nazi teachings of loyalty to the state rather than the family
  • Undoubtedly some young people found many of the activities offered by youth groups exciting and enjoyable, though the military discipline were often resented
  • Some young people opposed the Nazi youth groups and refused to go even when it was made compulsory. Some attended alternative groups who resisted and opposed Nazi ideas such as Swing Youth and the Edelweiss Pirates
  • The activities of the youth groups and physical education at school did generally improve the fitness of young people
  • Many Nazi ideas such as anti-Semitism do seem to have been accepted by many young people
26
Q

By 1939, what percentage of children were part of the Hitler Youth?

A

90%

27
Q

By 1939, what percentage of children resisted the Nazis?

A

10%

28
Q

What did parents think of the Hitler Youth?

A

Many parents resented the time their children spent with youth groups. They believed their children were being undermined by Nazi teachings of loyalty to the state rather than the family.

29
Q

Who were the Edelweiss Pirates?

A

A violent group that sheltered deserters and rebelled violently against the Nazis. In 1944, the Cologne branch of the Edelweiss Pirates killed the chief of the Gestapo. 12 pirates were publicly hanged

30
Q

When were the Edelweiss Pirates formed?

A

In the late 1930s, possible as a consequence of the Nazi policies enforcing Hitler Youth membership

31
Q

What was the symbol of the Edelweiss Pirates?

A

The Alpine flower

32
Q

Where were the Edelweiss Pirates mainly based?

A

They were mainly based in working-class districts of large cities

33
Q

Who were the Edelweiss Pirates made up of?

A

They were made up mainly of boys who copied an American style of clothing (checkered shirts and white socks)

34
Q

What did the Edelweiss Pirates sing?

A

‘Smash the Hitler Youth in twain, our song is freedom, love and life’

35
Q

How did the Nazis feel towards the Edelweiss Pirates’ activities?

A

The Nazis were not threatened by their activities

36
Q

By 1939, how many members did the Edelweiss Pirates have?

A

2,000

37
Q

What did the Edelweiss Pirates do? (4)

A
  • They went on hikes and camping expeditions in the countryside to get away from Nazi restrictions
  • They taunted the Hitler Youth
  • They read and listened to banned music and literature and wrote anti-Nazi graffiti
  • They sang ‘Smash the Hitler Youth in twain, our song is freedom, love and life’
38
Q

Who were the Swing Youth and what did they do?

A

The Swing Youth also chose not to conform to Nazi ideas. They liked wearing American clothes, listening to American music and watching American films. They gathered to drink alcohol, smoke and dance. They organised illegal dances attended by thousands. Unlike the Edelweiss Pirates they were largely made up of children from wealthy families and could afford records and record players

39
Q

How were the Swing Youth different from the Edelweiss Pirates?

A

Unlike the Edelweiss Pirates they were largely made up of children from wealthy families and could afford records and record players

History - mainly Germany (34 decks)

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