GI Flashcards

1
Q

5 causes of painless rectal bleeding

A

painless rectal bleeding

  1. diverticulitis
  2. AV malformation
  3. polyps
  4. Cancer
  5. internal hemorrhoids
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2
Q

gastric prokinetic agents

A

gastric prokinetic agents

  1. metoclopromide (good for pts with gastro paresis caused by diabetes)
  2. erythromycin
  3. propulsin (available only in canada)
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3
Q

Differential Diagnosis for mild or moderately elevated LFTs

A
  1. Medications
  2. viral hepititis (hepatitis panel)
  3. alcoholic liver disease (radoigraping imagining)
  4. hemochromatosis (iron studies, TIBC)
  5. NAFLD (radiographic imagining)
  6. Wilson’s disease (look for keyser-fleisher rings)
  7. autoimmune hepatitis (ANA ab, anti-smooth muscle ab)
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4
Q

What vitamin deficiency is expected in patients with a carcinoid tumor?

A

B3/ Niacin

Carcinoid tumors present with epsodic flushing, diarrhea, and elevated levels of urine 5-HIAA

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5
Q

What oral agents should you start in patients with fulminant liver failure d/t Hepatitis B infections?

A

Hepatitis B infections leading to fulminant liver failure should be given a

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor:

lamivudine

tenofavir

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of splenic vein thrombosis

A

the most comon cause of splenic vein thrombosis is

chronic pancreatitis

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7
Q

What is the chapman point for the pancreas?

A

The chapman point associated with the pancreas is

between ribs 7-8

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8
Q

What type of electrolyte imbalances are seen in profuse diarrhea?

A

Profuse watery diarrhea produces a non-anion gap acidosis.

Acidosis because of the loss of bicarbonate

non-anion gap because the gut absorbs more chloride ions.

Expect labs to show hypokalemia, hyperchloremia, acidosis

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of acute diarrhea?

A

Viral infections are the most common cause of viral infections

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10
Q

What is the appropriate initial imaging study for pts with an acute abdomen?

A

Patients with an acute abdomen should have abdominal x-rays in both the supine and upright positions

*An acute abdomen is the sudden onset of severe abdominal pain lasting less than 24 hours. Etiologies are numerous.

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11
Q

History of atherosclerosis

acute onset abdominal pain

bloody diarrhea

A

mesenteric ischemia

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