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Paediatrics > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

what can cause stimulation of the vomit centre?

A 
enteric pathogens
intestinal inflammation
infection
head injury
visual stimuli
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2
Q

who gets pyloric stenosis?

A

babies 4-12w

boys more than girls

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3
Q

what is the symptoms in pyloric stenosis?

A

projectile non-bilious vomiting
weight loss
dehydration

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4
Q

what are the characteristic electrolyte disturbance in pyloric stenosis? (3)

A

metabolic alkalosis
hypocholoraemia
hypokalaemia

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5
Q

what type of vomiting should always be a red flag and why?

A

bilious vomiting - due to intestinal obstruction

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6
Q

causes of bilious vomiting?

A

intestinal atresia
malrotation
intussusception
Crohn’s

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7
Q

investigations for bilious vomiting? (3)

A

abdominal xray
contrast meal
explorative laparotomy

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8
Q

what is the most common cause of effortless vomiting?

A

gastro-oesophageal reflux

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9
Q

what feeding advice could be given to mothers?

A

thickeners for liquids
appropriateness of foods - quantity/texture
feeding position
nutritional support - supplements, exclusion diet

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10
Q

medical treatment? (3)

A

feed thickener
prokinetic drugs
acid suppression drugs

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11
Q

what are some indications for surgery?

A 
failure of medical treatment
persistent
failure to thrive
aspiration
oesophagitis
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12
Q

what is the surgery for severe reflux?

A

Nissen Fundoplication

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13
Q

what is classed as chronic diarrhoea?

A

4 or more loose stools day for more than 4w

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14
Q

acute and persistent diarrhoea?

A

acute less than a week

persistent 2 to 4 weeks

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15
Q

what are the 3 types of diarrhoea?

A

osmotic
secretory
motility

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16
Q

what is osmotic diarrhoea?

A

movement of water into the bowel

usually a feature of malabsorption

17
Q

what is secretory diarrhoea?

A

intestinal fluid secretion predominantly driven by active Cl secretion
toxin production classically

18
Q

what is motility diarrhoea?

A

classically toddler’s diarrhoea

other causes: IBS, hyperthyroidism

19
Q

what is an osmotic and stimulant laxative?

A

osmotic - movicol

stimulant - senna

20
Q

what are the symptoms of coeliac disease?

A 
bloating
diarrhoea
failure to thrive
short stature
constipation
tiredness
21
Q

what is the dermatology symptom of coeliac disease?

A

dermatitis herpetiform

22
Q

what are the screening tests for coeliac disease?

A

gold standard - duodenal biopsy
serological: anti-gliadin, anti-tissue transglutaminase
genetic tests: HLA DQ2 and DQ8

Paediatrics (15 decks)

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