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GI Review > GI Clinical Definitions > Flashcards

GI Clinical Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Acholic

A

white clay colored stools, result when bile is not secreted into GI tract

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2
Q

Anorexia

A

Lack of appetite

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3
Q

Acute abdomen

A

acute intraabdominal condition attended by pain, tenderness, and muscle rigidity

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4
Q

Borborygmi

A

rumbling noice caused by propulsion of gas thru intestines

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5
Q

Cachexia

A

general ill health and malnutrition

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6
Q

Cholestasis

A

stoppage or suppression of bile flow due to factors inside or outside the liver

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7
Q

Coffee-ground emesis

A

blood congealed within gastric contacts, occurs when blood is in contact with acidic environment, indicates upper GI bleed

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8
Q

Colic

A

acute paroxysmal abdominal pain

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9
Q

Courvoisier’s sign

A

enlarged gallbladder secondary to pancreatic disease or cancer

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10
Q

Cullen sign

A

ecchymmosis around umbilicus secondary to hemorrhage

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11
Q

curling ulcer

A

“stress ulcer” peptic ulcer of duodenum in pt with extensive superficial burns

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12
Q

Cushing ulcer

A

“stress ulcer” occuring from severe head injury or other CNS lesions

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13
Q

Dyspepsia

A

postprandial epigastric discomfort

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14
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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15
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal tissue development, alt in size, shape, and organization or cells

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16
Q

Edentulous

A

having no teeth

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17
Q

Esophagitis

A

inflammation of esophagus

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18
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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19
Q

Eructation

A

Expulsion of swallowed air

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20
Q

EUS

A

Endoscopic ultrasound

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21
Q

Flatus

A

Gas or air in GI tract expelled through anus

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22
Q

Gastritis

A

inflammation of stomach with distinctive histologic and endoscopic features

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23
Q

Gastropathy

A

gastric conditions where there is epithelial or endothelial damage without inflammation

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24
Q

GGT

A

gamma-glutamyl transferase, used to determine the cause of elevated alkaline phosphatase, if both elevated - liver disease

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25
Q

Grey Turner Sign

A

flank ecchymosis secondary to hemorrhage

26
Q

Globus pharyngeus

A

foreign body sensation localized in neck that does interfere with swallowing, occurs in anxiety, OCD, GERD

27
Q

Guarding

A

protective response in muscle resulting from pain or fear of movement

28
Q

Heel strike

A

patient supine, dr. strike’s patients heel, should indicate appendicitis or peritonitis

29
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

30
Q

Hematochezia

A

passage of bright red blood or maroon stools

31
Q

Icterus

A

yellow staining of integument, sclera, and deeper tissues

32
Q

Iliopsoas m. test

A

have patient flex hip against resistance, may indicate appendicitis

33
Q

KUB Xray

A

plain abd x-ray of kidney, ureters, and bladder

34
Q

LGIB

A

lower GI bleed

35
Q

Lloyds punch/CVA tenderness

A

tapping area of back overlying kidney produces pain, may indicate renal stone, kidney infection

36
Q

Mcburney’s Point

A

rebound tenderness or pain 1/3 distance from ASIS to umbilicus

37
Q

Melena

A

dark stool consistent with broken down hemosiderin in bowel

38
Q

Mittelschmerz

A

Lower abd pain in middle of menstrual cycle

39
Q

MRCP

A

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

40
Q

Murphy sign

A

palpate deeply under right costal marging during inspiration and observe for pain

41
Q

Mausea

A

subjective sensation of urge to vomit

42
Q

Obstipation

A

severe intractable constipation caused by intestinal obstruction

43
Q

Obturator m. test

A

flex patients thigh and rotate hip internally, right hypogastric pain is indicative of inflamed appendix

44
Q

Odynophagia

A

painful swallowing

45
Q

Pneumobilia

A

presence of gas in biliary system

46
Q

Pneumomediastinum

A

presence of air in mediastinum, may interfere with respiration and circulation, may lead to pneumothorax or pneumopericardium

47
Q

Pneumoperitoneum

A

abnormal presence of air in peritoneal cavity

48
Q

Psoas sign

A

retrocecal appendix, manifested by RLQ pain with passive right hip extension

49
Q

Pyrosis

A

substernal burning sensation, heart burn

50
Q

Rebound tenderness

A

pain upon removal of pressure

51
Q

Regurgitation

A

effortless reflux of liquid, gas or food contents in absence of N/V

52
Q

Retching

A

peristalsis of stomach and esophagus conducted with closed glottis

53
Q

Rigidity

A

abdomen is hard, involuntary reflex contraction of abdominal wall

54
Q

Rovsing’s sign

A

pain in RLQ during left sided pressure

55
Q

Steatorrhea

A

fatty, greasy, tools

56
Q

Tenesmus

A

ineffectual and painful straining at stool

57
Q

UGIB

A

upper GI bleed

58
Q

Ulcer

A

local defect of surface of an organ or tissue produced by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue

59
Q

ureterolithiasis

A

stone from kidney making its way thru ureter to bladder

60
Q

Virchow’s node

A

palpable mass, LN, in left supraclavicular/sternoclavicular fossa

61
Q

Vomiting/emesis

A

queasiness followed by retching, forceful ejection of upper gut contents from mouth

GI Review (1 decks)

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