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GI Final > GI Glands Histo > Flashcards

GI Glands Histo Flashcards

1
Q

Main Digestive Glands

A
  1. Major salivary glands
  2. Exocrine pancreas
  3. Liver
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2
Q

Divisions of salivary glands

A

CT capsule with septa – lobes – lobules

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3
Q

Functions of saliva

A
  • Lubricates/cleanses oral mucosa
  • Contains Igs, minerals, electrolytes, buffers, enzymes, metabolic wastes
  • Aids in digestion w/ enzymes
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4
Q

Path of saliva flow

A

Acinus – Intercalated duct – striated duct – excretory duct

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5
Q

Intercalated duct epithelium

A

Low cuboidal epithelium

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6
Q

Striated duct

A

Simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium

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7
Q

Excretory duct

A

Simple cuboidal to pseudostratified columnar or stratified cuboidal

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8
Q

Parotid gland

A
  • largest salivary gland
  • mostly serous secretory cells
  • large amounts of adipose tissue
  • CN VII passes through
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9
Q

Sublingual gland

A
  • Mixed gland (mostly mucus though)
  • Lacks defined capsule
  • Poorly developed ducts
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10
Q

Submandibular gland

A
  • Serous cells predominant
  • Mucous cells capped by serous demilunes (bonnet)
  • Myoepithelial cells control secretions
  • Shorter intercalated ducts vs. parotid
  • Longer striated ducts vs. parotid
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11
Q

Functional unit of exocrine pancreas

A

Serous acinus

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12
Q

Cells in acinus

A

Centroacinar cells

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13
Q

Centroacinar cells

A
  • Low cuboidal epithelium of intercalated duct

- Secrete HCO3-, Na+, H2O

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14
Q

Hallmark for acinar cells

A

Stain intensely

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15
Q

Hallmark for centroacinar cells

A

Stain lightly

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16
Q

Where do zymogen granules originate?

A

Pancreatic acinar cells

17
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Zymogens prematurely activated – autodigestion of pancreas – acute pancreatitis or eventual chronic pancreatitis

18
Q

Where does blood mix in liver?

A

Sinusoids of the lobules

Converges @ central venule – sublobular veins

19
Q

Flow of bile

A

Right/left hepatic bile ducts – hepatic duct – common bile duct – gallbladder

20
Q

Terminal hepatic venule

A
  • AKA central vein

- Collects blood from sinusoids

21
Q

Portal areas/canals

A

@ angles of hexagon

loose CT house portal triads

22
Q

Perisinusoidal space of Disse

A
  • Separates hepatocyte plates from blood sinusoidal space
  • Site of material exchange b/w blood and liver cells
  • No significant barrier b/w blood plasma and hepatocyte plasma membrane
23
Q

Periportal space (space of Mall)

A
  • Located at edges of canals between stromal CT and hepatocytes
24
Q

Kupffer cells

A
  • Specialized macrophages found along endothelial lining of hepatic sinusoids
  • Detect/phagocytose erythrocytes
25
Q

Central axis of portal lobule?

A

Bile duct (middle of 3 central vv.)

26
Q

Area of liver acinus most sensitive to toxins?

A

“Zone 1” - medial most (farthest from central v.)

27
Q

Area of liver acinus most sensitive to ischemia?

A

“Zone 3” - lateral most (closest to central v.)

28
Q

CHF and hepatocytes

A

Most severe effects of ischemia seen in “Zone 3”

“Ischemic necrosis”

29
Q

Classic lobule (of liver)

A

Emphasizes endocrine function of hepatocytes as blood flows toward central v.

30
Q

Portal lobule (of liver)

A

Emphasizes hepatocytes’ exocrine function and flow of bile from classic lobules toward bile duct in portal triad

31
Q

Hepatic acinus

A

Emphasizes different oxygen and nutrient contents of blood @ different distances along sinusoids
* Location determines function

32
Q

Hereditary hemochromatosis

A

Increased iron absorption and accumulation in lysosomal hepatocytes

33
Q

Wilson’s disease

A

Hereditary disorder of copper metabolism w/ excessive deposits of copper in liver and brain

34
Q

Chronic liver disease

A

Perisinusoidal cells remain in quiescent, nonpoliferative state, but proliferate when activated by Kupffer cells and hepatocytes

35
Q

Long-term effects of EtOH

A
  • Fatty liver
  • Steatohepatitis
  • Hepatitis
36
Q

Acute Hepatitis

A

Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, jaundice

37
Q

Chronic Hepatitis

A

Defined by presence of fibrosis, hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory lymphocytic activity

38
Q

Gallbladder

A
  • Highly folded mucosa w/ simple columnar epithelium (microvilli present) over a lamina propria
  • Muscularis w/ bundles of muscle fibers to facilitate GB emptying
  • External adventitia against liver
  • Serosa when exposed to peritoneal cavity
39
Q

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses

A
  • Deep diverticula of mucosa extending through muscularis externa
  • D/t hyperplasia and herniation of epithelial cells through ME
  • Bacteria accumulates – inflammation – potential gallstones

GI Final (13 decks)

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