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Microbiology > GI Infections > Flashcards

GI Infections Flashcards

1
Q

most common cause of bacterial GI infection in the UK

A

Campylobacter

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2
Q

source of Campylobacter infection

A

undercooked poultry, water and unpasteurised milk

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3
Q

treatment for campylobacter

A

usually self limiting but if systemic illness:

- erythromycin or ciprofloxacin

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4
Q

source of salmonella

A

undercooked poultry

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5
Q

treatment for salmonella

A

usually self limiting but if systemic illness –> ciprofloxacin

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6
Q

source of Shigella infection

A

human only infection, spread person to person via fomites (inanimate objects)

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7
Q

What does the O in O157 represent?

A

surface antigen

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8
Q

What does H represent?

A

flagellar antigen

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9
Q

How does E.coli O157 cause damage?

A
  • produces toxin (verotoxin or VTEC)
  • this damages red cells and the kidney
  • can lead to HUS
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10
Q

what is HUS?

A

increased blood urea, red cell haemolysis and thrombocytopenia

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11
Q

who is most at risk of developing HUS?

A

children

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12
Q

what are the most useful tests to diagnose HUS?

A

Bloods:

  • FBC and film (red cell fragments)
  • U&Es
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13
Q

How is E.coli diagnosed?

A

Culture (toxin testing if culture negative but still suspicious)

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14
Q

when should blood tests for HUS be done?

A

7-10 days after onset of diarrhoea

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15
Q

source of E.coli O157 infection

A
  • part of normal gut flora in cattle, beef becomes contaminated on the outside at slaughter so increased risk from minced meat and hamburgers than from steak
  • nursery/school visits to farms
  • private (untreated) water supplies
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16
Q

management of E. coli O157 infection

A

symptomatic and supportive treatment only
antibiotics contraindicated as may increase release of toxin
check bloods for HUS

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17
Q

Salmonella, Shigella and E.coli O157 all appear as what on gram film?

A

gram negative bacilli

- biochemical tests and serology used to differentiate and type

18
Q

presentation of typhoid/paratyphoid fever:

A

fever, headache, flu-like symptoms, rash on abdomen (rose spots) followed by diarrhoea 3 weeks later
- foreign travel

19
Q

source of Salmonella typhi/paratyphi

A

human only, person to person spread or from contaminated food/water

20
Q

management of typhoid/paratyphoid

A

antibiotics required:

- depends on sensitivities

21
Q

How does Vibrio cholerae appear on gram stain?

A

“the comma bacillus” - a small curved gram negative bacillus

22
Q

mechanism of action for Cholera

A

produces an exotoxin (exception to the rule) that causes outpouring of fluids from cells of small intestine, resulting in severe watery diarrhoea “rice water stools”

23
Q

management of cholera

A

fluid and electrolyte replacement is essential

- antibiotics not indicated

24
Q

GI infections associated with ingestion of preformed toxin:

A

Staph aureus
Clostridium perfringens
Bacillus cereus

25
Q

organisms with short incubation period (1-6 hours)

A

Staph aureus

Bacillus cereus

26
Q

organisms with medium incubation period (12-48 hours)

A

Salmonella

Clostridium perfringens

27
Q

organisms with long incubation period (2-14 days)

A

Campylobacter

E.coli O157

28
Q

Organisms likely to cause blood in stools

A

Campylobacter

E.coli O157

29
Q

treatment for Cryptosporidium

A

symptomatic only

30
Q

treatment for Giardia

A

Oral metronidazole

31
Q

treatment for Enterobius vermicularis (threadworm)

A

Oral Mebendazole - all members of family

32
Q

how are norovirus and rotavirus diagnosed?

A

PCR

33
Q

Severe complication of Campylobacter infection

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

- tingling of feet leading to progressive paralysis of legs, arms and rest of body

34
Q

Treatment for amoebiasis

A

Metronidazole

35
Q

management of C.diff

A

less severe = metronidazole

severe = vancomycin

36
Q

most common cause of D&V in children

A

rotavirus

37
Q

complication of amoebiasis

A

liver abscess

38
Q

Intra-abdominal sepsis, antibiotic for coliforms

A

gentamicin

39
Q

Intra-abdominal sepsis, antibiotic for anaerobes

A

metronidazole

40
Q

Intra-abdominal sepsis, antibiotics for enterococcus

A

Amoxicillin

41
Q

Antibiotic prophylaxis for GI/hepatobiliary surgery

A

gentamicin and metronidazole

Microbiology (3 decks)

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