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The Gastrointestinal System > GI Malignancy > Flashcards

GI Malignancy Flashcards

1
Q

How common are GI malignancies?

A

Third most common form of malignancies

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2
Q

What are the differentials for dysphasia?

A

Extraluminal- pressing down on the oesphogus
Luminal- stops stuff passing through
Intraluminal-

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3
Q

What are the red flag signs?

A 
ALARM
Anaemia
Loss of weight
Anorexia
Recent onset of progressive symptoms
Masses/ malaria
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4
Q

What are the risk factors for oesphogeal carcinoma?

A

Smoking and Barrett’s oesphogus

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5
Q

What are the quadrants of the abdomen?

A 
Left and right hypochondriac 
Epigastric
Right and left lumbar
Umbilical
Right and left iliac 
Hypogastric
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6
Q

What is malena?

A

Altered blood coming from the GI tract

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7
Q

Where does gastric cancer typically occur?

A

Cardiac or antrum

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8
Q

What is the main toe of gastric cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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9
Q

What are the risk factors fror gastric cancer?

A

Smoking
High salt diet
Family history of gastric cancer
H. Pylori

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10
Q

What is the prognosis for gastric cancer?

A

10% survival after 5 years

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11
Q

What is screening used for?

A

Used to catch cancer early

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12
Q

What is gastric lymphoma?

A

MALT tissue (mucosal associated lymphatic tissue)
Most associated with H pylori
Better prognosis than gastric cancer

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13
Q

What are red flag signs ?

A

Hepatomegaly
Unintentional weight loss
Ascites -
Painless

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14
Q

How common is primary malignancy?

A

Very rare

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15
Q

What is the presntation of hepatic cancer?

A

Jaundice- if it’s in the head

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16
Q

What are the risk factors?

A

Family history
Smoking
Men are affected more than women
Chronic pancreatitis

17
Q

What are the three key symptoms of GI malignancy

A

Obstruction
Per rectum bleeding
Change in bowel habit

18
Q

What are the general symptoms of an obstruction?

A

Abdominal distension

Abdominal pain

19
Q

Whawhat is the common symptoms of obstructions in the small bowel?

A

Nausea/ vomiting

20
Q

What are the common symptoms of obstruction in the large bowel?

A

Constipation

21
Q

What are the diffential diagnoses of an obstruction.

A

Volvulus
Divetisular disease
Hernias

22
Q

What is a volvulus?

A

I when a loop of intestine twist around itself and the mesenteric that supports it resulting in a bowel obstruction

23
Q

What are the symptoms of a volvulus?

A 
Abdominal pain
Abdominal bloating
Vomiting
Constipation
Bloody stool
24
Q

What are the benign differential diagnoses for per rectal bleeding?

A 
Haemorrhoids 
Anal fissures
Infective gastroenteritis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Diverticulum disease
25
Q

What are malignant causes of per rectal bleeding?

A

Small and large bowel cancer

26
Q

What are 5e red flag signs with per recital bleeding?

A 
Old age
Iron defiency anemia 
Unexplained weight loss 
Night sweats 
Tenesmus
27
Q

How can you change bowel habit?

A

Changes in frequency
Change in consistency - more watery
Associated symptoms e.g. bloating etc.

28
Q

What are the benign causes in change in bowel habit?

A 
Thyroid disease
Inflammatory bowel disease
Related to certain medications
Irritable bowel syndrome
Coeliac disease
29
Q

Describe large bowel cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

Third most common cancer in the UK

30
Q

Risk factors for large bowel cancer?

A

Family history
Inflammatory bowel disease
Polyposis
Diet and lifestyle

31
Q

What can polyps progress to?

A

Adenocarcinoma

32
Q

What are the symptoms of right sided colon cancer?

A 
Weight loss
Occult bleeding
Less likely to have bowel obstruction
Mass in right iliac fossa
Late change in bowel habit
More advanced disease at presentation 
Fungating
33
Q

What are the symptoms of left sided colon .

A 
Weight loss
Rectal bleeding
Bowel obstruction
Tenesmus
Mass in left iliac fossa
Early change in bowel habit
Less advanced disease at presentation 
Stenosis
34
Q

What are the different types of small bowel cancer?

A 
Stroma
Lymphoma
Adenocarcinoma 
Sarcoma
Carcinoid tumour
35
Q

What are the risk factors for small bowel cancer?

A

IBD
Coeliac disease
FAP
Unhealthy diet

36
Q

What are the symptoms of small bowel cancer?

A

Weight loss
Abdominal pain
Blood in stools

37
Q

What is TNM staging?

A

Tumour
Nodes
Metasistises

38
Q

How is cancer managed?

A 
tNM staging
Blood test 
CT/ MRI
Endoscopy/ colonoscopy 
Capsule

The Gastrointestinal System (3 decks)

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